- Now using 10x better GCD semaphores
- We now generate Linux-like thread ids
- We now use fast system clock / sleep libraries
- The APE M1 loader now generates Linux-like stacks
This change progresses our AARCH64 support:
- The AARCH64 build and tests are now passing
- Add 128-bit floating-point support to printf()
- Fix clone() so it initializes cosmo's x28 TLS register
- Fix TLS memory layout issue with aarch64 _Alignas vars
- Revamp microbenchmarking tools so they work on aarch64
- Make some subtle improvements to aarch64 crash reporting
- Make kisdangerous() memory checks more accurate on aarch64
- Remove sys_open() since it's not available on Linux AARCH64
This change makes general improvements to Cosmo and Redbean:
- Introduce GetHostIsa() function in Redbean
- You can now feature check using pledge(0, 0)
- You can now feature check using unveil("",0)
- Refactor some more x86-specific asm comments
- Refactor and write docs for some libm functions
- Make the mmap() API behave more similar to Linux
- Fix WIFSIGNALED() which wrongly returned true for zero
- Rename some obscure cosmo keywords from noFOO to dontFOO
There's a new program named ape/ape-m1.c which will be used to build an
embeddable binary that can load ape and elf executables. The support is
mostly working so far, but still chasing down ABI issues.
This is an official tagged version. The 1.1 version used earlier was
informal. Formal versions will always have major.minor.patch going
forward. See https://github.com/jart/blink/tags 1.0.0 coming soon.
Your APE binaries will now run on eight hardware architectures. The
tradeoff is this change adds about 800kb of bloat to the executable
which to be fair is still more than half as small as Go hello world
Your APE shell script extracts an embedded build of Blink, based on
`$(uname -m)`. The Blink binaries are statically-linked (manylinux)
which means, they'll run on every distro's stock install, including
Apple M1's that haven't enabled Rosetta. Blink's emulation has been
designed to be nearly as fast as Rosetta, using a JIT technique for
faster startup time. Blink has also been tested more thoroughly, w/
emulating Cosmopolitan software, since we're the ones who wrote it.
* [metal] Copy program pages to extended memory at startup
* [metal] Reclaim base memory pages for later app use
* [metal] Load program pages beyond 1st 440 KiB to extended memory
o//examples/hellolua.com now runs correctly under QEMU (in
legacy BIOS mode).
* [metal] Place GDT in read/write segment
The CPU absolutely needs to alter the GDT when loading the
task register (via ltr). To account for this, I move the
GDT into a read/write data section. There is still a "rump"
read-only GDT in the text section that is used by the real
mode bootloader.
We also delay the loading of the task register (ltr) until
after the IDT and TSS are finally set up.
* [metal] Get examples/vga2.c serial output working for UEFI boot
* [metal] Get examples/vga2.c VGA output working for UEFI boot
* [metal] Allow munmap() to reclaim dynamically allocated pages
* Place TLS sections right after .text, not after embedded zip file
Co-authored-by: tkchia <tkchia-cosmo@gmx.com>
- Improve compatibility with Blink virtual machine
- Add non-POSIX APIs for joining threads and signal masks
- Never ever use anything except 32-bit integers for atomics
- Add some `#undef` statements to workaround `ctags` problems
Files beginning with "MZqFpD" are Actually Portable Executables,
which have a printf statement in the first 4096 bytes with octal
codes that specify the ELF header. APE also specifies `jartsr='`
as an alternative prefix, intended for binaries that do not want
to be identified as Windows executables. Like the \177ELF magic,
all these prefixes decode as x86 jump instructions that could be
used for 16-bit bootloaders or 32-bit / 64-bit flat executables.
Most importantly they provide a fallback path for Thompson shell
copmatible command interpreters, which do not require a shebang,
e.g. bash, zsh, fish, bourne, almquist, etc. Please note that in
order to meet the requirements of POSIX.1, the single quote must
be followed by a newline character, before any null bytes occur.
See also: https://www.austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=1250
- Invent iso8601us() for faster timestamps
- Improve --strace descriptions of sigset_t
- Rebuild the Landlock Make bootstrap binary
- Introduce MODE=sysv for non-Windows builds
- Permit OFD fcntl() locks under pledge(flock)
- redbean can now protect your kernel from ddos
- Have vfork() fallback to sys_fork() not fork()
- Change kmalloc() to not die when out of memory
- Improve documentation for some termios functions
- Rewrite putenv() and friends to conform to POSIX
- Fix linenoise + strace verbosity issue on Windows
- Fix regressions in our ability to show backtraces
- Change redbean SetHeader() to no-op if value is nil
- Improve fcntl() so SQLite locks work in non-WAL mode
- Remove some unnecessary work during fork() on Windows
- Create redbean-based SSL reverse proxy for IPv4 TurfWar
- Fix ape/apeinstall.sh warning when using non-bash shells
- Add ProgramTrustedIp(), and IsTrustedIp() APIs to redbean
- Support $PWD, $UID, $GID, and $EUID in command interpreter
- Introduce experimental JTqFpD APE prefix for non-Windows builds
- Invent blackhole daemon for firewalling IP addresses via UNIX named socket
- Add ProgramTokenBucket(), AcquireToken(), and CountTokens() APIs to redbean
- use PAGE_RSRV bit (originally only for blinkenlights),
rather than PAGE_V bit, to indicate that a virtual address
page has been reserved — this should allow a program to
create & reserve inaccessible "guard pages"
- mark page table entries for non-code pages with PAGE_XD bit,
which should be supported on (circa) post-2004 x86-64 CPUs
libc/intrin/interrupts.S should not be linked in unless
an IDT (or TSS) is explicitly requested somewhere (i.e.
it should probably not be a mandatory module).
The metal boot sector code was wrapped in a single-quoted
string, like so:
MZqFpD='
...MZ HEADER...
...E_LFANEW...
...BIOS BOOT SECTOR...'
This might break the shell code loader if the boot sector code
contains a 0x27 (single quote) byte. This patch wraps the
boot sector code in a here-document instead:
MZqFpD='
...MZ HEADER...' <<'@'
...E_LFANEW...
...BIOS BOOT SECTOR...
@
This is harder to break — when interpreted as a shell script,
the code can only accidentally terminate the here-document
if there is a "\n@\n" sequence inside the BIOS boot portion.
This change reduces the .bss memory requirement for all executables by
O(64kb). The brk system calls are now fully tested and figured out and
might be useful for tiny programs that only target System Five.
Doing this makes binaries tinier, since we don't need to have all the
extra code for supporting a 32-bit address space. It also benefits us
because we're able to use WIN32 futexes, which makes locking simpler.
b69f3d2488 is what officially ended our
Windows 7 support. This change is merely a formalization. You can use
old versions of Cosmo now and forevermore if you need Windows 7 since
our repository is hermetic and vendors all its dependencies.
Won't fix#617
You can now run bare metal on bare metal!
* Fix handling of int 0x15 eax = 0xe820 memory map
* Fix some issues in initial page table creation
* hello4.com now works outside emulators
* Ensure area for identity page tables are zeroed first
* Simplify logic for creating page table entries, this partly
reverts 577c0f6226
* Add degenerate MBR partition entry, to ease testing
Co-authored-by: tkchia <tkchia-cosmo@gmx.com>
This makes breaking changes to add underscores to many non-standard
function names provided by the c library. MODE=tiny is now tinier and
we now use smaller locks that are better for tiny apps in this mode.
Some headers have been renamed to be in the same folder as the build
package, so it'll be easier to know which build dependency is needed.
Certain old misguided interfaces have been removed. Intel intrinsics
headers are now listed in libc/isystem (but not in the amalgamation)
to help further improve open source compatibility. Header complexity
has also been reduced. Lastly, more shell scripts are now available.
This change tunes the default stack size for the outside world to 8mb
while at the same time, reducing Cosmopolitan's default stack size to
64kb. You can override the stack size using STATIC_STACK_SIZE(). Your
build scripts should point to o//ape/public/ape.lds
This change also fixes the definition of SOMAXCONN and removes AF_RDS
since it's not polyfilled and Python 3.11 complained.
This allows e.g. `qemu-system-x86_64 -s o/examples/hello.com
-serial stdio` to work without having to add extra padding to
the end of the `hello.com` "disk image".
(The sector count computation is divided among two instructions
in the assembly code. This is done on purpose, to prevent an
ASCII 0x27 (single quote) byte from appearing in the bare
metal loader code, which will break the shell script loader.
There is probably a better way.)
Co-authored-by: tkchia <tkchia-cosmo@gmx.com>
- We now kill the program on violations like OpenBSD
- We now print a message explaining which promise is needed
- This change also fixes a linkage bug with thread local storage
- Your sigaction() handlers should now be more thread safe
A new `__pledge_mode` global has been introduced to make pledge() more
customizable on Linux. For example:
__attribute__((__constructor__)) static void init(void) {
__pledge_mode = SECCOMP_RET_ERRNO | EPERM;
}
Can be used to restore our old permissive pledge() behavior.
The whole repository is now buildable with GNU Make Landlock sandboxing.
This proves that no Makefile targets exist which touch files other than
their declared prerequisites. In order to do this, we had to:
1. Stop code morphing GCC output in package.com and instead run a
newly introduced FIXUPOBJ.COM command after GCC invocations.
2. Disable all the crumby Python unit tests that do things like create
files in the current directory, or rename() files between folders.
This ended up being a lot of tests, but most of them are still ok.
3. Introduce an .UNSANDBOXED variable to GNU Make to disable Landlock.
We currently only do this for things like `make tags`.
4. This change deletes some GNU Make code that was preventing the
execve() optimization from working. This means it should no longer
be necessary in most cases for command invocations to be indirected
through the cocmd interpreter.
5. Missing dependencies had to be declared in certain places, in cases
where they couldn't be automatically determined by MKDEPS.COM
6. The libcxx header situation has finally been tamed. One of the
things that makes this difficult is MKDEPS.COM only wants to
consider the first 64kb of a file, in order to go fast. But libcxx
likes to have #include lines buried after huge documentation.
7. An .UNVEIL variable has been introduced to GNU Make just in case
we ever wish to explicitly specify additional things that need to
be whitelisted which aren't strictly prerequisites. This works in
a manner similar to the recently introduced .EXTRA_PREREQS feature.
There's now a new build/bootstrap/make.com prebuilt binary available. It
should no longer be possible to write invalid Makefile code.
Rosetta doesn't correctly respect the startup registers as defined in LC_UNIXTHREAD
which makes platform detection go awry. But at least Rosetta appears to consistently
set rbx to 0x00000000ffffffff and rdx to 0x0000000000000001 at startup for every
x64 executable I could get my hands on. So we use that to detect Rosetta's presence
and set up the correct registers for XNU.
This should strike a better compromise that keeps people happy about the
security of APE when it extracts the loader. This way systems with users
who aren't trusted (e.g. CPanel) won't be at any risk of compromise when
there isn't an `ape` loader on the system `$PATH`.
This change also bumps redbean up to 2.0.3
Calls to lock/unlock functions are now NOPs by default. The first time
clone() is called, they get turned into CALL instructions. Doing this
caused funcctions like fputc() to shrink from 85 bytes to 45+4 bytes.
Since the ANSI solution of `(__threaded && lock())` inlines os much
superfluous binary content into functions all over the place.
- Finish cleaning up the stdio unlocked APIs
- Make __cxa_finalize() properly thread safe
- Don't log locks if threads aren't being used
- Add some more mutex guards to places using _mmi
- Specific lock names now appear in the --ftrace logs
- Fix mkdeps.com generating invalid Makefiles sometimes
- Simplify and fix bugs in the test runner infrastructure
- Fix issue where sometimes some functions wouldn't be logged
Microsoft's version of Linux requires that the ELF program headers say
that the executable has 4096 byte alignment. However, it doesn't force
us to pad the binary with NOPs to a page-aligned size.
- Write tests for cthreads
- Fix bugs in pe2.com tool
- Fix ASAN issue with GetDosEnviron()
- Consolidate the cthread header files
- Some code size optimizations for MODE=
- Attempted to squash a tls linker warning
- Attempted to get futexes working on FreeBSD
- Document redbean's argon2 module
- Fix regressions in cthreads library
- Make testlib work better with threads
- Give the cthreads library lots of love
- Remove some of the stdio assembly code
- Implement getloadavg() across platforms
- Code size optimizations for errnos, etc.
- Only check for signals in main thread on Windows
- Make errnos for dup2 / dup3 consistent with posix
This change also fixes a bug in the argon2 module, where the NUL
terminator was being included in the hash encoded ascii string. This
shouldn't require any database migrations to folks who found this module
and productionized it, since the argon2 library treats it as a c string.
The longjmp relocation in the master boot record coincidentally had a
quote character in it, which caused the master boot record to be used
when interpreter by the shell. The solution, is to move the grub stub
below the long mode loader so the real mode loader relocation is near
the master boot record. This change includes a regression test.
- Fix some minor issues in ar.com
- Have execve() look for `ape` command
- Rewrite NT paths using /c/ rather /??/c:/
- Replace broken GCC symlinks with .sym files
- Rewrite $PATH environment variables on startup
- Make $(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF) the default bootloader
- Add all build command dependencies to build/bootstrap
- Get the repository mostly building from source on non-Linux
- Implement openpty()
- Add `--assimilate` flag to APE bootloader
- Restore Linux vDSO clock_gettime() support
- Use `$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)` on more programs
- Add FreeBSD-specific mmap() flags
- Reduce size of the APE loader from 8kb to 4kb
- Work towards fixing the Makefile build on WSL
- Automate testing of APE no-modify-self behaviors
- Make the ape.S shell script code cleaner and tinier
- Improve the APE sanity check to test behavior better
- Fixed issue with ShowCrashReports() sigaltstack() on BSDs
- Delete symbols for S_MODE magnums which wasted compile time
If you checked out yesterday's APE commit, please run:
rm -f /usr/bin/ape o/tmp/ape /tmp/ape "${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/ape"
Because this change fixes certain aspects of the new ABI. We don't have
automated migrations for APE loader versions yet. Thanks! You can also
download prebuilt binaries here:
- https://justine.lol/ape.elf (Linux/FreeBSD/NetBSD/OpenBSD)
- https://justine.lol/ape.macho (Apple)
Install the appropriate one as `/usr/bin/ape`.
The "no modify self" variant of Actually Portable Executable is now
supported on all platforms. If you use `$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)` then
ld.bfd will embed a 4096 byte ELF binary and a 4096 byte Macho file
which are installed on the fly to ${TMPDIR:-/tmp}, which enables us
launch the executable, without needing to copy the whole executable
To prevent it from copying a tiny executable to your temp directory
you need to install the `ape` command (renamed from ape-loader), to
a system path. For example:
# FreeBSD / NetBSD / OpenBSD
make -j8 o//ape/ape
cp o//ape/ape /usr/bin/ape
# Mac OS
# make -j8 o//ape/ape.macho
curl https://justine.lol/ape.macho >/usr/bin/ape
chmod +x /usr/bin/ape
On Linux you can get even more performance with the new binfmt_misc
support which makes launching non-modifying APE binaries as fast as
launching ELF executables. Running the following command:
# Linux
ape/apeinstall.sh
Will copy APE loader to /usr/bin/ape and register with binfmt_misc
Lastly, this change also fixes a really interesting race condition
with OpenBSD thread joining.
- Document more compiler flags
- Expose new __print_maps() api
- Better overflow checking in mmap()
- Improve the shell example somewhat
- Fix minor runtime bugs regarding stacks
- Make kill() on fork()+execve()'d children work
- Support CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID for proper joining
- Fix recent possible deadlock regression with --ftrace
- Document sigaction()
- Simplify New Technology fork() code
- Testing and many bug fixes for mprotect()
- Distribute Intel Xed ILD in the amalgamation
- Turn Xed enums into defines to avoid DWARF bloat
- Improve polyfilling of SA_SIGINFO on BSDs and fix bugs
- setpgid(getpid(), getpid()) on Windows will ignore CTRL-C
- Work around issues relating to NT mappings being executable
- Permit automatic executable stack override via `ape_stack_pf`
Now that we have understandable system call tracing on Windows, this
change rewrites many of the polyfill internals for that platform, to
help things get closer to tip top shape. Support for complex forking
scenarios had been in a regressed state for quite some time. Now, it
works! Subsequent changes should be able to address the performance.
- Fix build flakes
- Polyfill SIGWINCH on Windows
- Fix an execve issue on Windows
- Make strerror show more information
- Improve cmd.exe setup/teardown on Windows
- Support bracketed paste mode in Blinkenlights
- Show keyboard shortcuts in Blinkenlights status bar
- Fixed copy_file_range() and copyfile() w/ zip filesystem
- Size optimize GetDosArgv() to keep life.com 12kb in size
- Improve Blinkenlights ability to load weird ELF executables
- Fix program_executable_name and add GetInterpreterExecutableName
- Make Python in tiny mode fail better if docstrings are requested
- Update Python test exclusions in tiny* modes such as tinylinux
- Add bulletproof unbreakable kprintf() troubleshooting function
- Remove "oldskool" keyword from ape.S for virus scanners
- Fix issue that caused backtraces to not print sometimes
- Improve Blinkenlights serial uart character i/o
- Make clock_gettime() not clobber errno on xnu
- Improve sha256 cpuid check for old computers
- Integrate some bestline linenoise fixes
- Show runit process names better in htop
- Remove SIGPIPE from ShowCrashReports()
- Make realpath() not clobber errno
- Avoid attaching GDB on non-Linux
- Improve img.com example
This commit makes numerous refinements to cosmopolitan memory handling.
The default stack size has been reduced from 2mb to 128kb. A new macro
is now provided so you can easily reconfigure the stack size to be any
value you want. Work around the breaking change by adding to your main:
STATIC_STACK_SIZE(0x00200000); // 2mb stack
If you're not sure how much stack you need, then you can use:
STATIC_YOINK("stack_usage_logging");
After which you can `sort -nr o/$MODE/stack.log`. Based on the unit test
suite, nothing in the Cosmopolitan repository (except for Python) needs
a stack size greater than 30kb. There are also new macros for detecting
the size and address of the stack at runtime, e.g. GetStackAddr(). We
also now support sigaltstack() so if you want to see nice looking crash
reports whenever a stack overflow happens, you can put this in main():
ShowCrashReports();
Under `make MODE=dbg` and `make MODE=asan` the unit testing framework
will now automatically print backtraces of memory allocations when
things like memory leaks happen. Bugs are now fixed in ASAN global
variable overrun detection. The memtrack and asan runtimes also handle
edge cases now. The new tools helped to identify a few memory leaks,
which are fixed by this change.
This change should fix an issue reported in #288 with ARG_MAX limits.
Fixing this doubled the performance of MKDEPS.COM and AR.COM yet again.
- python now mixes audio 10x faster
- python octal notation is restored
- chibicc now builds code 3x faster
- chibicc now has help documentation
- chibicc can now generate basic python bindings
- linenoise now supports some paredit-like features
See #141
The APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF loader payload has been moved out of the examples
folder and improved so that it works on BSD systems, and permits general
elf program headers. This brings its quality up enough that it should be
acceptable to use by default for many programs, e.g. Python, Lua, SQLite
and Python. It's the responsibility of the user to define an appropriate
TMPDIR if /tmp is considered an adversarial environment. Mac OS shall be
supported by APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF soon.
Fixes and improvements have been made to program_executable_name as it's
now the one true way to get the absolute path of the executing image.
This change fixes a memory leak in linenoise history loading, introduced
by performance optimizations in 51904e2687
This change fixes a longstanding regression with Mach system calls, that
23ae9dfceb back in February which impacted
our sched_yield() implementation, which is why no one noticed until now.
The Blinkenlights PC emulator has been improved. We now fix rendering on
XNU and BSD by not making the assumption that the kernel terminal driver
understands UTF8 since that seems to break its internal modeling of \r\n
which is now being addressed by using \e[𝑦H instead. The paneling is now
more compact in real mode so you won't need to make your font as tiny if
you're only emulating an 8086 program. The CLMUL ISA is now emulated too
This change also makes improvement to time. CLOCK_MONOTONIC now does the
right thing on Windows NT. The nanosecond time module functions added in
Python 3.7 have been backported.
This change doubles the performance of Argon2 password stretching simply
by not using its copy_block and xor_block helper functions, as they were
trivial to inline thus resulting in us needing to iterate over each 1024
byte block four fewer times.
This change makes code size improvements. _PyUnicode_ToNumeric() was 64k
in size and now it's 10k. The CJK codec lookup tables now use lazy delta
zigzag deflate (δzd) encoding which reduces their size from 600k to 200k
plus the code bloat caused by macro abuse in _decimal.c is now addressed
so our fully-loaded statically-linked hermetically-sealed Python virtual
interpreter container is now 9.4 megs in the default build mode and 5.5m
in MODE=tiny which leaves plenty of room for chibicc.
The pydoc web server now accommodates the use case of people who work by
SSH'ing into a different machine w/ python.com -m pydoc -p8080 -h0.0.0.0
Finally Python Capsulae delenda est and won't be supported in the future
- Python static hello world now 1.8mb
- Python static fully loaded now 10mb
- Python HTTPS client now uses MbedTLS
- Python REPL now completes import stmts
- Increase stack size for Python for now
- Begin synthesizing posixpath and ntpath
- Restore Python \N{UNICODE NAME} support
- Restore Python NFKD symbol normalization
- Add optimized code path for Intel SHA-NI
- Get more Python unit tests passing faster
- Get Python help() pagination working on NT
- Python hashlib now supports MbedTLS PBKDF2
- Make memcpy/memmove/memcmp/bcmp/etc. faster
- Add Mersenne Twister and Vigna to LIBC_RAND
- Provide privileged __printf() for error code
- Fix zipos opendir() so that it reports ENOTDIR
- Add basic chmod() implementation for Windows NT
- Add Cosmo's best functions to Python cosmo module
- Pin function trace indent depth to that of caller
- Show memory diagram on invalid access in MODE=dbg
- Differentiate stack overflow on crash in MODE=dbg
- Add stb_truetype and tools for analyzing font files
- Upgrade to UNICODE 13 and reduce its binary footprint
- COMPILE.COM now logs resource usage of build commands
- Start implementing basic poll() support on bare metal
- Set getauxval(AT_EXECFN) to GetModuleFileName() on NT
- Add descriptions to strerror() in non-TINY build modes
- Add COUNTBRANCH() macro to help with micro-optimizations
- Make error / backtrace / asan / memory code more unbreakable
- Add fast perfect C implementation of μ-Law and a-Law audio codecs
- Make strtol() functions consistent with other libc implementations
- Improve Linenoise implementation (see also github.com/jart/bestline)
- COMPILE.COM now suppresses stdout/stderr of successful build commands
The `ape-no-modify-self.o` bootloader now has an mmap-based
payload that helps read-only APE binaries be load faster since it
doesn't need to copy any files.
We can now link even smaller Python binaries. For example, the hello.com
program in the Python build directory is a compiled linked executable of
hello.py which just prints hello world. Using decentralized sections, we
can make that binary 1.9mb in size (noting that python.com is 6.3 megs!)
This works for nontrivial programs too. For example, say we want an APE
binary that's equivalent to python.com -m http.server. Our makefile now
builds such a binary using the new launcher and it's only 3.2mb in size
since Python sources get turned into ELF objects, which tell our linker
that we need things like native hashing algorithm code.
Actually Portable Python is now outperforming the Python binaries
that come bundled with Linux distros, at things like HTTP serving.
You can now have a fully featured Python install in just one .com
file that runs on six operating systems and is about 10mb in size.
With tuning, the tiniest is ~1mb. We've got most of the libraries
working, including pysqlite, and the repl now feels very pleasant.
The things you can't do quite yet are: threads and shared objects
but that can happen in the future, if the community falls in love
with this project and wants to see it developed further. Changes:
- Add siginterrupt()
- Add sqlite3 to Python
- Add issymlink() helper
- Make GetZipCdir() faster
- Add tgamma() and finite()
- Add legacy function lutimes()
- Add readlink() and realpath()
- Use heap allocations when appropriate
- Reorganize Python into two-stage build
- Save Lua / Python shell history to dotfile
- Integrate Python Lib embedding into linkage
- Make isregularfile() and isdirectory() go faster
- Make Python shell auto-completion work perfectly
- Make crash reports work better if changed directory
- Fix Python+NT open() / access() flag overflow error
- Disable Python tests relating to \N{LONG NAME} syntax
- Have Python REPL copyright() show all notice embeddings
The biggest technical challenge at the moment is working around
when Python tries to be too clever about filenames.
This change gets the Python codebase into a state where it conforms to
the conventions of this codebase. It's now possible to include headers
from Python, without worrying about ordering. Python has traditionally
solved that problem by "diamonding" everything in Python.h, but that's
problematic since it means any change to any Python header invalidates
all the build artifacts. Lastly it makes tooling not work. Since it is
hard to explain to Emacs when I press C-c C-h to add an import line it
shouldn't add the header that actually defines the symbol, and instead
do follow the nonstandard Python convention.
Progress has been made on letting Python load source code from the zip
executable structure via the standard C library APIs. System calss now
recognizes zip!FILENAME alternative URIs as equivalent to zip:FILENAME
since Python uses colon as its delimiter.
Some progress has been made on embedding the notice license terms into
the Python object code. This is easier said than done since Python has
an extremely complicated ownership story.
- Some termios APIs have been added
- Implement rewinddir() dirstream API
- GetCpuCount() API added to Cosmopolitan Libc
- More bugs in Cosmopolitan Libc have been fixed
- zipobj.com now has flags for mangling the path
- Fixed bug a priori with sendfile() on certain BSDs
- Polyfill F_DUPFD and F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC across platforms
- FIOCLEX / FIONCLEX now polyfilled for fast O_CLOEXEC changes
- APE now supports a hybrid solution to no-self-modify for builds
- Many BSD-only magnums added, e.g. O_SEARCH, O_SHLOCK, SF_NODISKIO
Things are a little better. The LLD that comes with Linux seems to work.
Old versions like LLVM 8 haven't been supported since Cosmopolitan v0.2.
Running Clang on Windows with --target=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu doesn't seem
to work. It has something to do with the recently added .zip section in
the linker script. But even if that's removed, LLD on Windows thinks it
is building an EFI application for some reason. Linker scripts are such
a brittle house of cards, even for just ld.bfd alone..
We should just find a way to run our one true musl-cross-make linux gcc
toolchain under Blinkenlights on non-Linux because GCC and Clang are so
nondeterministic, inconsistent, and unreproducible when built for other
operating systems. We need an actually portable compiler/linker that'll
always behave the same way no matter what.
See #180
The most exciting improvement is dynamic pages will soon be able to use
the executable itself as an object store. it required a heroic technique
for overcoming ETXTBSY restrictions which lets us open the executable in
read/write mode, which means (1) wa can restore the APE header, and (2)
we can potentially containerize redbean extension code so that modules
you download for your redbean online will only impact your redbean.
Here's a list of breaking changes to redbean:
- Remove /tool/net/ prefix from magic ZIP paths
- GetHeader() now returns NIL if header is absent
Here's a list of fixes and enhancements to redbean:
- Support 64-bit ZIP archives
- Record User-Agent header in logs
- Add twelve error handlers to accept()
- Display octal st_mode on listing page
- Show ZIP file comments on listing page
- Restore APE MZ header on redbean startup
- Track request count on redbean index page
- Report server uptime on redbean index page
- Don't bind server socket using SO_REUSEPORT
- Fix#151 where Lua LoadAsset() could free twice
- Report rusage accounting when workers exit w/ -vv
- Use ZIP iattr field as text/plain vs. binary hint
- Add ParseUrl() API for parsing things like a.href
- Add ParseParams() API for parsing HTTP POST bodies
- Add IsAcceptablePath() API for checking dots, etc.
- Add IsValidHttpToken() API for validating sane ASCII
- Add IsAcceptableHostPort() for validating HOST[:PORT]
- Send 400 response to HTTP/1.1 requests without a Host
- Send 403 response if ZIP or file isn't other readable
- Add virtual hosting that tries prepending Host to path
- Route requests based on Host in Request-URI if present
- Host routing will attempt to remove or add the www. prefix
- Sign-extend UNIX timestamps and don't adjust FileTime zone
Here's some of the improvements made to Cosmopolitan Libc:
- Fix ape.S indentation
- Improve consts.sh magnums
- Write pretty good URL parser
- Improve rusage accounting apis
- Bring mremap() closer to working
- Added ZIP APIs which will change
- Check for overflow in reallocarray()
- Remove overly fancy linkage in strerror()
- Fix GDB attach on crash w/ OpenBSD msyscall()
- Make sigqueue() portable to most UNIX distros
- Make integer serialization macros more elegant
- Bring back 34x tprecode8to16() performance boost
- Make malloc() more resilient to absurdly large sizes
This change introduces ape-no-modify-self.o to the amalgamated release
binaries, which may be used as an alternative to ape.o to make it easier
to use APE in cases where the self-modifying behavior isn't acceptable.
Please note that this alternative copying behavior isn't necessarily
better. It introduces a whole bunch of questions of its own, which are
documented in the ape.S source comment and should be considered by both
the program author as well as the end-user of programs linked this way.
For example, build environments that use read-only file systems and
would prefer to not have a launcher wrapper (like we use in our build)
can use ape-no-modify-self.o instead of ape.o and then set the $TMPDIR
environment variable to point to a sane read-write-exec location.
Fixes#146
See #82
Here's why we got those `Killed: 11` failures on MacOS after modifying
the contentns of the redbean.com executable. If you were inserting a
small file, such as a HelloWorld.html file, then InfoZIP might have
decreased the size of the executable to less than what the Mach-O
section had been expecting.
That's because when zipobj.com put things like time zone data in the
executable, it aligned each zip file entry on a 64-byte boundary, simply
for the sake of readability in binary dumps. But when InfoZIP edited the
file it would rewrite every entry using ZIP's usual 2-byte alignment.
Thus causing shrinkage.
The solution was to reconfigure the linker script so that zip file bits
that get put into the executable at link-time, such as timezone data,
aren't officially part of the executable image, i.e. we don't want the
operating system to load that part.
The original decision to put the linked zip files into the .data section
was mostly made so that when the executable was run in its .com.dbg form
it would still have the zip entries be accessible, even though there was
tons of GNU debug data following the central directory. We're not going
to be able to do that. The .com executable should be the canonical
executable. We have really good tools for automatically attaching and
configuring GDB correctly with debug symbols even when the .com is run.
We'll have to rely on those in cases where zip embedding is used.
See #53
See #54
See #68
- Polyfill ucontext_t on FreeBSD/OpenBSD/NetBSD
- Add tests confirming signals can edit CPU state
- Work towards supporting ZIP filesystem on bare metal
- Add more tinymath unit tests for POSIX conformance
- Add X87 and SSE status flags to crash report
- Fix some bugs in blinkenlights
- Fix llvm build breakage
Your Actually Portable Executables now contains a simple virtual memory
that works similarly to the Linux Kernel in the sense that it maps your
physical memory to negative addresses. This is needed to support mmap()
and malloc(). This functionality has zero code size impact. For example
the MODE=tiny LIFE.COM executable is still only 12KB in size.
The APE bootloader code has also been simplified to improve readibility
and further elevate the elegance by which we're able to support so many
platforms thereby enhancing verifiability so that we may engender trust
in this bootloading process.
- Reduce full build latency from ~20s to ~18s
- Bring back silent mode if `make V=0` is passed
- Demodernize utimes() polyfill so it works RHEL5
- Delete some old shell scripts that are no longer needed
- Truncate long lines when outputting builds to Emacs buffers
You can now build Cosmopolitan with Clang:
make -j8 MODE=llvm
o/llvm/examples/hello.com
The assembler and linker code is now friendly to LLVM too.
So it's not needed to configure Clang to use binutils under
the hood. If you love LLVM then you can now use pure LLVM.
It turns out adding OpenBSD msyscall() origin verification broke the
--ftrace flag. The executable needs to issue raw syscalls while it's
rewriting itself. So they need to be in the same section, and that's
just plain simpler too.
Compilers like GCC require comments on lines like `#endif rdmsr`. Since
the rdmsr macro was only being used in arch_prctl(), I've localized the
macro, and I'm considering deleting arch_prctl() too, since there isn't
any way to have mem segments unfortunately across operating systems ;_;
The remaining changed lines are due to clang-format which runs on auto.
- Support deterministic stacks on OpenBSD
- Support OpenBSD system call origin verification
- Fix overrun by one in chibicc string token allocator
- Get all chibicc tests passing under Address Sanitizer
This change enables Address Sanitizer systemically w/ `make MODE=dbg`.
Our version of Rust's `unsafe` keyword is named `noasan` which is used
for two functions that do aligned memory chunking, like `strcpy.c` and
we need to fix the tiny DEFLATE code, but that's it everything else is
fabulous you can have all the fischer price security blankets you need
Best of all is we're now able to use the ASAN data in Blinkenlights to
colorize the memory dumps. See the screenshot below of a test program:
https://justine.lol/blinkenlights/asan.png
Which is operating on float arrays stored on the stack, with red areas
indicating poisoned memory, and the green areas indicate valid memory.
Windows 7 support is now confirmed to be working. However it comes at
the cost of needing to workaround this tragically oppressive behavior
which is imposed for reasons unknown.
Fixes#19
- Remove XD bit in page tables
- Fix cylinder+head+sector arithmetic
- Implement fstat() for serial file descriptors on metal
Here's how to boot an Actually Portable Executable in QEMU:
make -j12 o//tool/viz/deathstar.com
qemu-system-x86_64 -serial stdio -fda o//tool/viz/deathstar.com
Here's a screenshot of DEATHSTAR.COM booted in QEMU:
https://justine.lol/cosmopolitan/cosmo-metal-qemu.png
Thus metal support is in much better shape now, but still incomplete.
Only a few system calls have been polyfilled. To figure out which ones
your program needs, simply boot it in the blinkenlights emulator with a
breakpoint, and press CTRL-C to continue to the system call breakpoint.
If it doesn't break then you should be good. (Note: to emulate normally
you can press 'c' and use CTRL-T and ALT-T to tune the speed.)
m=tiny
make -j12 SILENT=0 MODE=$m \
o/$m/tool/build/blinkenlights.com \
o/$m/tool/viz/deathstar.com
o/$m/tool/build/blinkenlights.com \
-r -t -b systemfive.linux \
o/$m/tool/viz/deathstar.com
Thank @Theldus for the bug report that made this change possible.
Fixes#20 which explains this change further.
It turned out that the linker was doing the wrong with the amalgamation
library concerning weak stubs. A regression test has been added and new
binaries have been uploaded to https://justine.lol/cosmopolitan/
Ideally this should be fixed by building a tool that turns multiple .a
files into a single .a file with deduplication. As a workaround for now
the cosmopolitan.a build is restructured to not include LIBC_STUBS which
meant technical debt needed to be paid off where non-stub interfaces
were moved to LIBC_INTRIN and LIBC_NEXGEN32E.
Thank @PerfectProductions in #31 for the report!
This program popped up on Hacker News recently. It's the only modern
compiler I've ever seen that doesn't have dependencies and is easily
modified. So I added all of the missing GNU extensions I like to use
which means it might be possible soon to build on non-Linux and have
third party not vendor gcc binaries.
A new rollup tool now exists for flattening out the headers in a way
that works better for our purposes than cpp. A lot of the API clutter
has been removed. APIs that aren't a sure thing in terms of general
recommendation are now marked internal.
There's now a smoke test for the amalgamation archive and gigantic
header file. So we can now guarantee you can use this project on the
easiest difficulty setting without the gigantic repository.
A website is being created, which is currently a work in progress:
https://justine.storage.googleapis.com/cosmopolitan/index.html
This is done without using Microsoft's internal APIs. MAP_PRIVATE
mappings are copied to the subprocess via a pipe, since Microsoft
doesn't want us to have proper COW pages. MAP_SHARED mappings are
remapped without needing to do any copying. Global variables need
copying along with the stack and the whole heap of anonymous mem.
This actually improves the reliability of the redbean http server
although one shouldn't expect 10k+ connections on a home computer
that isn't running software built to serve like Linux or FreeBSD.
blinkenlights now does a pretty good job emulating what happens when
binaries boot from BIOS into long mode. So it's been much easier to
debug the bare metal process and wrinkle out many issues.
This change includes many bug fixes, for the NT polyfills, strings,
memory, boot, and math libraries which were discovered by adding more
tools for recreational programming, such as PC emulation. Lemon has also
been vendored because it works so well at parsing languages.
- Emulator can now test the αcτµαlly pδrταblε εxεcµταblε bootloader
- Whipped up a webserver named redbean. It services 150k requests per
second on a single core. Bundling assets inside zip enables extremely
fast serving for two reasons. The first is that zip central directory
lookups go faster than stat() system calls. The second is that both
zip and gzip content-encoding use DEFLATE, therefore, compressed
responses can be served via the sendfile() system call which does an
in-kernel copy directly from the zip executable structure. Also note
that red bean zip executables can be deployed easily to all platforms,
since these native executables work on Linux, Mac, BSD, and Windows.
- Address sanitizer now works very well
I wanted a tiny scriptable meltdown proof way to run userspace programs
and visualize how program execution impacts memory. It helps to explain
how things like Actually Portable Executable works. It can show you how
the GCC generated code is going about manipulating matrices and more. I
didn't feel fully comfortable with Qemu and Bochs because I'm not smart
enough to understand them. I wanted something like gVisor but with much
stronger levels of assurances. I wanted a single binary that'll run, on
all major operating systems with an embedded GPL barrier ZIP filesystem
that is tiny enough to transpile to JavaScript and run in browsers too.
https://justine.storage.googleapis.com/emulator625.mp4
