Make build hermetic without shell scripts

- Fix some minor issues in ar.com - Have execve() look for `ape` command - Rewrite NT paths using /c/ rather /??/c:/ - Replace broken GCC symlinks with .sym files - Rewrite $PATH environment variables on startup - Make $(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF) the default bootloader - Add all build command dependencies to build/bootstrap - Get the repository mostly building from source on non-Linux
2024-05-16 02:22:41 +00:00 · 2022-05-25 11:31:08 -07:00 · 2022-05-25 11:31:08 -07:00 · d230a01222
parent d44ff6ce1f
commit d230a01222
160 changed files with 2754 additions and 1342 deletions
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@ -11,4 +11,3 @@ __pycache__
 /TAGS
 /bx_enh_dbg.ini
 /tool/emacs/*.elc
-/usr/share/dict/words
--- a/18
+++ b/18
@ -59,9 +59,9 @@
 #
 #   build/config.mk

-SHELL   = /bin/sh
+SHELL   = build/bootstrap/cocmd.com
 HOSTS  ?= freebsd openbsd netbsd rhel7 rhel5 win7 win10 xnu
-SANITY := $(shell build/sanitycheck $$PPID)
+#SANITY := $(shell build/sanitycheck $$PPID)

 .SUFFIXES:
 .DELETE_ON_ERROR:
@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ depend:	o/$(MODE)/depend
 tags:	TAGS HTAGS

 o/$(MODE)/.x:
-	@mkdir -p $(@D) && touch $@
+	@$(COMPILE) -AMKDIR -tT$@ $(MKDIR) $(@D)

 o/$(MODE)/srcs.txt: o/$(MODE)/.x $(MAKEFILES) $(call uniq,$(foreach x,$(SRCS),$(dir $(x))))
 	$(file >$@,$(SRCS))
@ -246,11 +246,11 @@ o/$(MODE)/hdrs-old.txt: o/$(MODE)/.x $(MAKEFILES) $(call uniq,$(foreach x,$(HDRS
 	$(file >$@) $(foreach x,$(HDRS) $(INCS),$(file >>$@,$(x)))

 TAGS:	o/$(MODE)/srcs-old.txt $(SRCS)
-	@rm -f $@
+	@$(RM) $@
 	@$(COMPILE) -ATAGS -T$@ $(TAGS) $(TAGSFLAGS) -L $< -o $@

 HTAGS:	o/$(MODE)/hdrs-old.txt $(HDRS)
-	@rm -f $@
+	@$(RM) $@
 	@$(COMPILE) -ATAGS -T$@ build/htags -L $< -o $@

 loc: o/$(MODE)/tool/build/summy.com
@ -390,9 +390,9 @@ $(SRCS):
 $(HDRS):
 $(INCS):
 .DEFAULT:
-	@echo >&2
-	@echo NOTE: deleting o/$(MODE)/depend because of an unspecified prerequisite: $@ >&2
-	@echo >&2
-	rm -f o/$(MODE)/depend
+	@$(ECHO) >&2
+	@$(ECHO) NOTE: deleting o/$(MODE)/depend because of an unspecified prerequisite: $@ >&2
+	@$(ECHO) >&2
+	$(RM) o/$(MODE)/depend

 -include o/$(MODE)/depend
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -64,15 +64,19 @@ that, you can use the following flag to turn your binary into the
 platform local format (ELF or Mach-O):

 ```sh
+$ file hello.com
+hello.com: DOS/MBR boot sector
 ./hello.com --assimilate
+$ file hello.com
+hello.com: ELF 64-bit LSB executable
 ```

 There's also some other useful flags that get baked into your binary by
 default:

 ```sh
-./hello.com --strace
-./hello.com --ftrace
+./hello.com --strace   # log system calls to stderr
+./hello.com --ftrace   # log function calls to stderr
 ```

 If you want your `hello.com` program to be much tinier, more on the
@ -100,22 +104,85 @@ Windows](https://justine.lol/cosmopolitan/windows-compiling.html)
 tutorial. It's needed because the ELF object format is what makes
 universal binaries possible.

+Cosmopolitan officially only builds on Linux. However, one highly
+experimental (and currently broken) thing you could try, is building the
+entire cosmo repository from source using the cross9 toolchain.
+
+```
+mkdir -p o/third_party
+rm -rf o/third_party/gcc
+wget https://justine.lol/linux-compiler-on-windows/cross9.zip
+unzip cross9.zip
+mv cross9 o/third_party/gcc
+build/bootstrap/make.com
+```
+
 ## Source Builds

-Cosmopolitan can be compiled from source on any Linux distro. GNU make
-needs to be installed beforehand. This is a freestanding hermetic
-repository that bootstraps using a vendored static gcc9 executable.
-No further dependencies are required.
+Cosmopolitan can be compiled from source on any Linux distro. First, you
+need to download or clone the repository.

 ```sh
 wget https://justine.lol/cosmopolitan/cosmopolitan.tar.gz
 tar xf cosmopolitan.tar.gz  # see releases page
 cd cosmopolitan
-make -j16
+```
+
+This will build the entire repository and run all the tests:
+
+```sh
+build/bootstrap/make.com -j16
 o//examples/hello.com
 find o -name \*.com | xargs ls -rShal | less
 ```

+If you get an error running make.com then it's probably because you have
+WINE installed to `binfmt_misc`. You can fix that by installing the the
+APE loader as an interpreter. It'll improve build performance too!
+
+```sh
+ape/apeinstall.sh
+```
+
+Since the Cosmopolitan repository is very large, you might only want to
+build a particular thing. Cosmopolitan's build config does a good job at
+having minimal deterministic builds. For example, if you wanted to build
+only hello.com then you could do that as follows:
+
+```sh
+build/bootstrap/make.com -j16 o//examples/hello.com
+```
+
+Sometimes it's desirable to build a subset of targets, without having to
+list out each individual one. You can do that by asking make to build a
+directory name. For example, if you wanted to build only the targets and
+subtargets of the chibicc package including its tests, you would say:
+
+```sh
+build/bootstrap/make.com -j16 o//third_party/chibicc
+o//third_party/chibicc/chibicc.com --help
+```
+
+Cosmopolitan provides a variety of build modes. For example, if you want
+really tiny binaries (as small as 12kb in size) then you'd say:
+
+```sh
+build/bootstrap/make.com -j16 MODE=tiny
+```
+
+Here's some other build modes you can try:
+
+```sh
+build/bootstrap/make.com -j16 MODE=dbg       # asan + ubsan + debug
+build/bootstrap/make.com -j16 MODE=asan      # production memory safety
+build/bootstrap/make.com -j16 MODE=opt       # -march=native optimizations
+build/bootstrap/make.com -j16 MODE=rel       # traditional release binaries
+build/bootstrap/make.com -j16 MODE=optlinux  # optimal linux-only performance
+build/bootstrap/make.com -j16 MODE=tinylinux # tiniest linux-only 4kb binaries
+```
+
+For further details, see [//build/config.mk](build/config.mk).
+
 ## GDB

 Here's the recommended `~/.gdbinit` config:
@ -159,4 +226,3 @@ gdb foo.com -ex 'add-symbol-file foo.com.dbg 0x401000'
 | FreeBSD         | 12          | 2018  |
 | OpenBSD         | 6.4         | 2018  |
 | NetBSD          | 9.1         | 2020  |
-| GNU Make        | 4.0         | 2015  |
--- a/ape/ape.mk
+++ b/ape/ape.mk
@ -15,38 +15,38 @@

 PKGS += APE

-APE =	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.o			\
+APE =	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.o				\
 	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.lds

-APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF =				\
-	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.lds			\
+APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF =					\
+	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.lds				\
 	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape-no-modify-self.o

-APE_COPY_SELF =					\
-	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.lds			\
+APE_COPY_SELF =						\
+	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.lds				\
 	o/$(MODE)/ape/ape-copy-self.o

-APELINK =					\
-	$(COMPILE)				\
-	-ALINK.ape				\
-	$(LINK)					\
-	$(LINKARGS)				\
+APELINK =						\
+	$(COMPILE)					\
+	-ALINK.ape					\
+	$(LINK)						\
+	$(LINKARGS)					\
 	$(OUTPUT_OPTION)

-APE_LOADER_FLAGS =				\
-	-DNDEBUG				\
-	-iquote.				\
-	-Wall					\
-	-Wextra					\
-	-fpie					\
-	-Os					\
-	-ffreestanding				\
-	-mgeneral-regs-only			\
-	-mno-red-zone				\
-	-fno-ident				\
-	-fno-gnu-unique				\
-	-c					\
-	 $(OUTPUT_OPTION)			\
+APE_LOADER_FLAGS =					\
+	-DNDEBUG					\
+	-iquote.					\
+	-Wall						\
+	-Wextra						\
+	-fpie						\
+	-Os						\
+	-ffreestanding					\
+	-mgeneral-regs-only				\
+	-mno-red-zone					\
+	-fno-ident					\
+	-fno-gnu-unique					\
+	-c						\
+	 $(OUTPUT_OPTION)				\
 	$<

 APE_FILES := $(wildcard ape/*.*)
@ -58,32 +58,32 @@ APE_SRCS = $(APE_SRCS_C) $(APE_SRCS_S)
 APE_OBJS = $(APE_SRCS_S:%.S=o/$(MODE)/%.o)
 APE_CHECKS = $(APE_HDRS:%=o/%.ok)

-o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.lds:				\
-		ape/ape.lds			\
-		ape/macros.internal.h		\
-		libc/dce.h			\
+o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.lds:					\
+		ape/ape.lds				\
+		ape/macros.internal.h			\
+		libc/dce.h				\
 		libc/zip.h

-o/ape/idata.inc:				\
-		ape/idata.internal.h		\
+o/ape/idata.inc:					\
+		ape/idata.internal.h			\
 		ape/relocations.h

-o/$(MODE)/ape/ape-no-modify-self.o:		\
-		ape/ape.S			\
+o/$(MODE)/ape/ape-no-modify-self.o:			\
+		ape/ape.S				\
 		o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf
-	@$(COMPILE)				\
-		-AOBJECTIFY.S			\
-		$(OBJECTIFY.S)			\
-		$(OUTPUT_OPTION)		\
-		-DAPE_NO_MODIFY_SELF		\
-		-DAPE_LOADER="\"o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf\"" $<
+	@$(COMPILE)					\
+		-AOBJECTIFY.S				\
+		$(OBJECTIFY.S)				\
+		$(OUTPUT_OPTION)			\
+		-DAPE_NO_MODIFY_SELF			\
+		-DAPE_LOADER='"o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf"' $<

-o/$(MODE)/ape/ape-copy-self.o:			\
+o/$(MODE)/ape/ape-copy-self.o:				\
 		ape/ape.S
-	@$(COMPILE)				\
-		-AOBJECTIFY.S			\
-		$(OBJECTIFY.S)			\
-		$(OUTPUT_OPTION)		\
+	@$(COMPILE)					\
+		-AOBJECTIFY.S				\
+		$(OBJECTIFY.S)				\
+		$(OUTPUT_OPTION)			\
 		-DAPE_NO_MODIFY_SELF $<

 o/$(MODE)/ape/loader.o: ape/loader.c
@ -103,22 +103,23 @@ o/$(MODE)/ape/loader-xnu-clang.asm: ape/loader.c
 o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf: o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf.dbg
 o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.macho: o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.macho.dbg

-o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf.dbg:			\
-		o/$(MODE)/ape/loader.o		\
-		o/$(MODE)/ape/loader-elf.o	\
+o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf.dbg:				\
+		o/$(MODE)/ape/loader.o			\
+		o/$(MODE)/ape/loader-elf.o		\
 		ape/loader.lds
 	@$(ELFLINK) -z max-page-size=0x10

-o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.macho.dbg:			\
-		o/$(MODE)/ape/loader-xnu.o	\
-		o/$(MODE)/ape/loader-macho.o	\
+o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.macho.dbg:				\
+		o/$(MODE)/ape/loader-xnu.o		\
+		o/$(MODE)/ape/loader-macho.o		\
 		ape/loader-macho.lds
 	@$(ELFLINK) -z max-page-size=0x10

 .PHONY: o/$(MODE)/ape
-o/$(MODE)/ape:	$(APE)				\
-		$(APE_CHECKS)			\
-		o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf		\
-		o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.macho		\
-		o/$(MODE)/ape/ape-copy-self.o	\
+o/$(MODE)/ape:	$(APE_CHECKS)				\
+		o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.o			\
+		o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.lds			\
+		o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.elf			\
+		o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.macho			\
+		o/$(MODE)/ape/ape-copy-self.o		\
 		o/$(MODE)/ape/ape-no-modify-self.o
--- a/build/bootstrap/ar.com
+++ b/build/bootstrap/ar.com
--- a/build/bootstrap/cocmd.com
+++ b/build/bootstrap/cocmd.com
--- a/build/bootstrap/compile.com
+++ b/build/bootstrap/compile.com
--- a/build/bootstrap/cp.com
+++ b/build/bootstrap/cp.com
--- a/build/bootstrap/echo.com
+++ b/build/bootstrap/echo.com
--- a/build/bootstrap/gzip.com
+++ b/build/bootstrap/gzip.com
--- a/build/bootstrap/make.com
+++ b/build/bootstrap/make.com
--- a/build/bootstrap/mkdeps.com
+++ b/build/bootstrap/mkdeps.com
--- a/build/bootstrap/mkdir.com
+++ b/build/bootstrap/mkdir.com
--- a/build/bootstrap/package.com
+++ b/build/bootstrap/package.com
--- a/build/bootstrap/pwd.com
+++ b/build/bootstrap/pwd.com
--- a/build/bootstrap/rm.com
+++ b/build/bootstrap/rm.com
--- a/build/bootstrap/touch.com
+++ b/build/bootstrap/touch.com
--- a/build/bootstrap/unbundle.com
+++ b/build/bootstrap/unbundle.com
--- a/build/bootstrap/zipobj.com
+++ b/build/bootstrap/zipobj.com
--- a/build/definitions.mk
+++ b/build/definitions.mk
@ -50,15 +50,42 @@ ARFLAGS = rcsD
 ZFLAGS ?=
 XARGS ?= xargs -P4 -rs8000
 DOT ?= dot
-GZ ?= gzip
 CLANG = clang
 FC = gfortran  #/opt/cross9f/bin/x86_64-linux-musl-gfortran
+TMPDIR = o/tmp

-# see build/compile, etc. which run third_party/gcc/unbundle.sh
 AR = build/bootstrap/ar.com
+CP = build/bootstrap/cp.com
+RM = build/bootstrap/rm.com -f
+ECHO = build/bootstrap/echo.com
+TOUCH = build/bootstrap/touch.com
 PKG = build/bootstrap/package.com
 MKDEPS = build/bootstrap/mkdeps.com
 ZIPOBJ = build/bootstrap/zipobj.com
+MKDIR = build/bootstrap/mkdir.com -p
+COMPILE = build/bootstrap/compile.com -V9 $(QUOTA)
+
+COMMA := ,
+PWD := $(shell build/bootstrap/pwd.com)
+IMAGE_BASE_VIRTUAL ?= 0x400000
+
+IGNORE := $(shell $(ECHO) -2 ♥cosmo)
+IGNORE := $(shell $(MKDIR) o/tmp)
+
+ifneq ("$(wildcard o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-as.exe)","")
+AS = o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-as.exe
+CC = o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-gcc.exe
+CXX = o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-g++.exe
+CXXFILT = o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-c++filt.exe
+LD = o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-ld.bfd.exe
+NM = o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-nm.exe
+GCC = o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-gcc.exe
+STRIP = o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-strip.exe
+OBJCOPY = o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-objcopy.exe
+OBJDUMP = o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-objdump.exe
+ADDR2LINE = $(shell build/bootstrap/pwd.com)/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-addr2line.exe
+else
+IGNORE := $(shell build/bootstrap/unbundle.com)
 AS = o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-musl-as
 CC = o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-musl-gcc
 CXX = o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-musl-g++
@ -69,18 +96,12 @@ GCC = o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-musl-gcc
 STRIP = o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-musl-strip
 OBJCOPY = o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-musl-objcopy
 OBJDUMP = o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-musl-objdump
-ADDR2LINE = $(shell pwd)/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-musl-addr2line
-
-COMMA := ,
-PWD := $(shell pwd)
-IMAGE_BASE_VIRTUAL ?= 0x400000
-HELLO := $(shell build/hello)
-TMPDIR := $(shell build/findtmp)
-SPAWNER := $(shell build/getcompile) -V$(shell build/getccversion $(CC))
-COMPILE = $(SPAWNER) $(HARNESSFLAGS) $(QUOTA)
+ADDR2LINE = $(shell build/bootstrap/pwd.com)/o/third_party/gcc/bin/x86_64-linux-musl-addr2line
+endif

 export ADDR2LINE
 export LC_ALL
+export MKDIR
 export MODE
 export SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH
 export TMPDIR
@ -115,7 +136,7 @@ TRADITIONAL =								\
 DEFAULT_CCFLAGS =							\
 	-Wall								\
 	-Werror								\
-	-fdebug-prefix-map="$(PWD)"=					\
+	-fdebug-prefix-map='$(PWD)'=					\
 	-frecord-gcc-switches

 DEFAULT_OFLAGS =							\
@ -180,7 +201,7 @@ PYFLAGS =								\
 ASONLYFLAGS =								\
 	-c								\
 	-g								\
-	--debug-prefix-map="$(PWD)"=
+	--debug-prefix-map='$(PWD)'=

 DEFAULT_LDLIBS =

--- a/build/findtmp
+++ b/build/findtmp
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#-*-mode:sh;indent-tabs-mode:nil;tab-width:2;coding:utf-8-*-┐
-#───vi: set net ft=sh ts=2 sts=2 fenc=utf-8 :vi─────────────┘
-#
-# OVERVIEW
-#
-#   Temporary Directory Discovery
-#
-# DESCRIPTION
-#
-#   We call this script once per build to ideally find a folder that's
-#   backed by an in-memory file system. We then export it to the TMPDIR
-#   environment variable. Many programs use it under the hood, e.g. gcc,
-#   so it grants many small performance improvements.
-
-mkdir -p o/tmp
-echo $PWD/o/tmp
--- a/build/getccversion
+++ b/build/getccversion
@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#-*-mode:sh;indent-tabs-mode:nil;tab-width:2;coding:utf-8-*-┐
-#───vi: set net ft=sh ts=2 sts=2 fenc=utf-8 :vi─────────────┘
-#
-# OVERVIEW
-#
-#   Compiler Version Discovery
-#
-# DESCRIPTION
-#
-#   Cosmopolitan itself may be built using either GCC and Clang, and our
-#   build irons out many of the differences between the two. This script
-#   is used by build/definitions.mk alongside build/getccname to support
-#   the different versions folks use.
-#
-#   Our aim is to support GCC 4.2.1+ since that's the last GPLv2 version
-#   with any sort of industry consensus. Please note, Cosmopolitan never
-#   links GCC runtimes when using later versions, so some concerns might
-#   not apply.
-
-if [ ! -d o/third_party/gcc ]; then
-  third_party/gcc/unbundle.sh
-fi
-
-set -e
-
-MAJOR_VERSION=$(
-  $1 --version |
-    head -n1 |
-    sed -n '
-        s!^[^(]*([^)]*) \([[:digit:]][[:digit:]]*\).*!\1!p
-        s!^.*clang.*version \([[:digit:]][[:digit:]]*\).*!\1!p
-      ')
-
-if [ -z "$MAJOR_VERSION" ]; then
-  echo 6
-else
-  printf '%s\n' "$MAJOR_VERSION"
-fi
--- a/build/getcompile
+++ b/build/getcompile
@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#-*-mode:sh;indent-tabs-mode:nil;tab-width:2;coding:utf-8-*-┐
-#───vi: set net ft=sh ts=2 sts=2 fenc=utf-8 :vi─────────────┘
-
-if ! [ o/build/bootstrap/compile.com -nt build/bootstrap/compile.com ]; then
-  mkdir -p o/build/bootstrap/
-  cp -f build/bootstrap/compile.com o/build/bootstrap/compile.$$.com
-  o/build/bootstrap/compile.$$.com -n
-  mv -f o/build/bootstrap/compile.$$.com o/build/bootstrap/compile.com
-fi
-
-echo o/build/bootstrap/compile.com
--- a/build/hello
+++ b/build/hello
@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#-*-mode:sh;indent-tabs-mode:nil;tab-width:2;coding:utf-8-*-┐
-#───vi: set net ft=sh ts=2 sts=2 fenc=utf-8 :vi─────────────┘
-#
-# SYNOPSIS
-#
-#   HELLO BUILD
-#
-# OVERVIEW
-#
-#   We generate a line at the start of each Makefile run, because if we
-#   use `make V=0` mode then the terminal logging trick we use in
-#   tool/build/compile.c will delete the previous line, and we'd rather
-#   have that line not be the bash prompt that ran make.
-#
-#   This script is also useful for giving us an indicator each time the
-#   build restarts itself from scratch, which can happen in cases like
-#   when dependencies need to be regenerated by tool/build/mkdeps.c
-
-echo ♥cosmo >&2
--- a/build/rules.mk
+++ b/build/rules.mk
@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ o/%.o: %.cc                        ; @$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.cxx $(OBJECTIFY.cxx
 o/%.o: o/%.cc                      ; @$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.cxx $(OBJECTIFY.cxx) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) $<
 o/%.lds: %.lds                     ; @$(COMPILE) -APREPROCESS $(PREPROCESS.lds) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) $<
 o/%.inc: %.h                       ; @$(COMPILE) -APREPROCESS $(PREPROCESS) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) -D__ASSEMBLER__ -P $<
-o/%.pkg:                           ; @$(COMPILE) -APACKAGE -T$@ $(PKG) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) $(addprefix -d,$(filter %.pkg,$^)) $(filter %.o,$^)
 o/%.h.ok: %.h                      ; @$(COMPILE) -ACHECK.h $(COMPILE.c) -xc -g0 -o $@ $<
 o/%.okk: %                         ; @$(COMPILE) -ACHECK.h $(COMPILE.cxx) -xc++ -g0 -o $@ $<
 o/%.greg.o: %.greg.c               ; @$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.greg $(OBJECTIFY.greg.c) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) $<
@ -75,7 +74,6 @@ o/$(MODE)/%.ncabi.o: %.ncabi.c     ; @$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.nc $(OBJECTIFY.ncab
 o/$(MODE)/%.real.o: %.c            ; @$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.real $(OBJECTIFY.real.c) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) $<

 o/$(MODE)/%.runs: o/$(MODE)/%      ; @$(COMPILE) -ACHECK -tT$@ $< $(TESTARGS)
-o/$(MODE)/%.pkg:                   ; @$(COMPILE) -APACKAGE -T$@ $(PKG) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) $(addprefix -d,$(filter %.pkg,$^)) $(filter %.o,$^)
 o/$(MODE)/%.zip.o: %               ; @$(COMPILE) -AZIPOBJ $(ZIPOBJ) $(ZIPOBJ_FLAGS) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) $<
 o/$(MODE)/%-gcc.asm: %.c           ; @$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.c $(OBJECTIFY.c) -S -g0 $(OUTPUT_OPTION) $<
 o/$(MODE)/%-gcc.asm: %.cc          ; @$(COMPILE) -AOBJECTIFY.c $(OBJECTIFY.cxx) -S -g0 $(OUTPUT_OPTION) $<
@ -87,6 +85,14 @@ o/%.a:
 	$(file >$@.args,$^)
 	@$(COMPILE) -AARCHIVE -T$@ $(AR) $(ARFLAGS) $@ @$@.args

+o/%.pkg:
+	$(file >$@.args,$(filter %.o,$^))
+	@$(COMPILE) -APACKAGE -T$@ $(PKG) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) $(addprefix -d,$(filter %.pkg,$^)) @$@.args
+
+o/$(MODE)/%.pkg:
+	$(file >$@.args,$(filter %.o,$^))
+	@$(COMPILE) -APACKAGE -T$@ $(PKG) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) $(addprefix -d,$(filter %.pkg,$^)) @$@.args
+
 o/$(MODE)/%.o: %.py o/$(MODE)/third_party/python/pyobj.com
 	@$(COMPILE) -APYOBJ o/$(MODE)/third_party/python/pyobj.com $(PYFLAGS) -o $@ $<

--- a/examples/shell.c
+++ b/examples/shell.c
@ -32,11 +32,11 @@
 #include "third_party/linenoise/linenoise.h"

 /**
- * @fileoverview Shell that works on Windows.
+ * @fileoverview Cosmopolitan Shell
 *
 * This doesn't have script language features like UNBOURNE.COM but it
- * works on Windows and, unlike CMD.EXE, actually has CTRL-P and CTRL-R
- * which alone make it so much better.
+ * works on Windows and, unlike CMD.EXE, has CTRL-P, CTRL-R, and other
+ * GNU Emacs / Readline keyboard shortcuts.
 *
 * One day we'll have UNBOURNE.COM working on Windows but the code isn't
 * very maintainable sadly.
@ -184,8 +184,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
        args = xrealloc(args, (++n + 1) * sizeof(*args));
        args[n - 1] = arg;
        args[n - 0] = 0;
-        start = 0;
      }
+      start = 0;
    }
    if (n > 0) {
      if ((prog = commandv(args[0], path, sizeof(path)))) {
--- a/examples/cp.c
+++ b/examples/cp.c
@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-#if 0
-/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
-│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
-│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
-│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
-│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
-│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
-╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#endif
-#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
-#include "libc/calls/copyfile.h"
-#include "libc/errno.h"
-#include "libc/fmt/conv.h"
-#include "libc/fmt/fmt.h"
-#include "libc/runtime/gc.h"
-#include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
-#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
-#include "libc/str/str.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/consts/ex.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/consts/exit.h"
-#include "libc/sysv/consts/ok.h"
-#include "libc/x/x.h"
-#include "third_party/getopt/getopt.h"
-
-#define USAGE \
-  " SRC... DST\n\
-\n\
-SYNOPSIS\n\
-\n\
-  Copies Files\n\
-\n\
-FLAGS\n\
-\n\
-  -?\n\
-  -h      help\n\
-  -f      force\n\
-  -n      no clobber\n\
-  -a      preserve all\n\
-  -p      preserve owner and timestamps\n\
-\n"
-
-int flags;
-bool force;
-
-wontreturn void PrintUsage(int rc, FILE *f) {
-  fprintf(f, "%s%s%s", "Usage: ", program_invocation_name, USAGE);
-  exit(rc);
-}
-
-void GetOpts(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-  int opt;
-  while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "?hfnap")) != -1) {
-    switch (opt) {
-      case 'f':
-        force = true;
-        break;
-      case 'n':
-        flags |= COPYFILE_NOCLOBBER;
-        break;
-      case 'a':
-      case 'p':
-        flags |= COPYFILE_PRESERVE_OWNER;
-        flags |= COPYFILE_PRESERVE_TIMESTAMPS;
-        break;
-      case 'h':
-      case '?':
-        PrintUsage(EXIT_SUCCESS, stdout);
-      default:
-        PrintUsage(EX_USAGE, stderr);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-int cp(const char *src, const char *dst) {
-  if (endswith(dst, "/") || isdirectory(dst)) {
-    dst = _gc(xasprintf("%s/%s", dst, basename(src)));
-  }
-  if (!force && access(dst, W_OK) == -1 && errno != ENOENT) goto OnFail;
-  if (copyfile(src, dst, flags) == -1) goto OnFail;
-  return 0;
-OnFail:
-  fprintf(stderr, "%s %s %s: %s\n", "error: cp", src, dst, strerror(errno));
-  return -1;
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-  int i;
-  GetOpts(argc, argv);
-  if (argc - optind < 2) PrintUsage(EX_USAGE, stderr);
-  for (i = optind; i < argc - 1; ++i) {
-    if (cp(argv[i], argv[argc - 1]) == -1) {
-      return -1;
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
--- a/examples/echo.c
+++ b/examples/echo.c
@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-#if 0
-/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
-│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
-│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
-│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
-│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
-│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
-╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#endif
-#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
-#include "libc/str/str.h"
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-  int i, j;
-  bool wantnewline;
-  if (argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-n")) {
-    i = 2;
-    wantnewline = false;
-  } else {
-    i = 1;
-    wantnewline = true;
-  }
-  for (j = 0; i + j < argc; ++j) {
-    if (j) fputc(' ', stdout);
-    fputs(argv[i + j], stdout);
-  }
-  if (wantnewline) fputc('\n', stdout);
-  return 0;
-}
--- a/examples/examples.mk
+++ b/examples/examples.mk
@ -3,6 +3,12 @@

 PKGS += EXAMPLES

+ifeq ($(MODE),tiny)
+EXAMPLES_BOOTLOADER = $(CRT) $(APE)
+else
+EXAMPLES_BOOTLOADER = $(CRT) $(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
+endif
+
 EXAMPLES_FILES := $(wildcard examples/*)
 EXAMPLES_MAINS_S = $(filter %.S,$(EXAMPLES_FILES))
 EXAMPLES_MAINS_C = $(filter %.c,$(EXAMPLES_FILES))
@ -100,8 +106,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/examples/%.com.dbg:							\
 		$(EXAMPLES_DEPS)						\
 		o/$(MODE)/examples/%.o						\
 		o/$(MODE)/examples/examples.pkg					\
-		$(CRT)								\
-		$(APE)
+		$(EXAMPLES_BOOTLOADER)
 	@$(APELINK)

 o/$(MODE)/examples/nomodifyself.com.dbg:					\
@ -112,21 +117,12 @@ o/$(MODE)/examples/nomodifyself.com.dbg:					\
 		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

-o/$(MODE)/examples/greenbean.com.dbg:						\
-		$(EXAMPLES_DEPS)						\
-		o/$(MODE)/examples/greenbean.o					\
-		o/$(MODE)/examples/examples.pkg					\
-		$(CRT)								\
-		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
-	@$(APELINK)
-
 o/$(MODE)/examples/hellolua.com.dbg:						\
 		$(EXAMPLES_DEPS)						\
 		o/$(MODE)/examples/hellolua.o					\
 		o/$(MODE)/examples/hellolua.lua.zip.o				\
 		o/$(MODE)/examples/examples.pkg					\
-		$(CRT)								\
-		$(APE)
+		$(EXAMPLES_BOOTLOADER)
 	@$(APELINK)

 o/$(MODE)/examples/ispell.com.dbg:						\
@ -134,8 +130,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/examples/ispell.com.dbg:						\
 		o/$(MODE)/examples/ispell.o					\
 		o/$(MODE)/usr/share/dict/words.zip.o				\
 		o/$(MODE)/examples/examples.pkg					\
-		$(CRT)								\
-		$(APE)
+		$(EXAMPLES_BOOTLOADER)
 	@$(APELINK)

 o/$(MODE)/examples/nesemu1.com.dbg:						\
@ -145,8 +140,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/examples/nesemu1.com.dbg:						\
 		o/$(MODE)/usr/share/rom/zelda.nes.zip.o				\
 		o/$(MODE)/usr/share/rom/tetris.nes.zip.o			\
 		o/$(MODE)/examples/examples.pkg					\
-		$(CRT)								\
-		$(APE)
+		$(EXAMPLES_BOOTLOADER)
 	@$(APELINK)

 o/$(MODE)/examples/nesemu1.com:							\
@ -160,12 +154,15 @@ o/$(MODE)/examples/nesemu1.com:							\
 		o/$(MODE)/examples/.nesemu1/.symtab

 o/$(MODE)/examples/nesemu1.o: QUOTA += -M512m
+o/$(MODE)/usr/share/dict/words.zip.o: ZIPOBJ_FLAGS += -C2

 $(EXAMPLES_OBJS): examples/examples.mk

-usr/share/dict/words: usr/share/dict/words.gz
-	@mkdir -p $(@D)
-	@$(GZ) $(ZFLAGS) -d <$< >$@
+o/$(MODE)/usr/share/dict/words:							\
+		usr/share/dict/words.gz						\
+		o/$(MODE)/tool/build/gzip.com
+	@$(MKDIR) $(@D)
+	@o/$(MODE)/tool/build/gzip.com $(ZFLAGS) -cd <$< >$@

 .PHONY: o/$(MODE)/examples
 o/$(MODE)/examples:								\
--- a/examples/package/build.mk
+++ b/examples/package/build.mk
@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/examples/package/%.com.dbg:			\
 		$(EXAMPLES_PACKAGE_DEPS)		\
 		o/$(MODE)/examples/package/%.o		\
 		$(CRT)					\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 # Invalidates objects in package when makefile is edited.
--- a/examples/pyapp/pyapp.mk
+++ b/examples/pyapp/pyapp.mk
@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/examples/pyapp/pyapp.com.dbg: \
 		o/$(MODE)/examples/pyapp/pyapp.pkg \
 		o/$(MODE)/examples/pyapp/pyapp.o \
 		$(CRT) \
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	$(LINK) $(LINKARGS) -o $@

 # # Unwrap the APE .COM binary, that's embedded within the linked file
--- a/examples/touch.c
+++ b/examples/touch.c
@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-#if 0
-/*─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╗
-│ To the extent possible under law, Justine Tunney has waived      │
-│ all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this file,    │
-│ as it is written in the following disclaimers:                   │
-│   • http://unlicense.org/                                        │
-│   • http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/            │
-╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
-#endif
-#include "libc/calls/calls.h"
-#include "libc/errno.h"
-#include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
-#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
-#include "libc/str/str.h"
-
-/**
- * @fileoverview Command for updating timestamps on files.
- */
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-  int i;
-  for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
-    if (touch(argv[i], 0666) == -1) {
-      fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: %s: %s\n", argv[i], strerror(errno));
-      exit(1);
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
--- a/libc/calls/calls.mk
+++ b/libc/calls/calls.mk
@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/libc/calls/execl.o				\
 o/$(MODE)/libc/calls/execle.o				\
 o/$(MODE)/libc/calls/execlp.o				\
 o/$(MODE)/libc/calls/execve-sysv.o			\
+o/$(MODE)/libc/calls/execve-nt.greg.o			\
 o/$(MODE)/libc/calls/mkntenvblock.o:			\
 		OVERRIDE_CPPFLAGS +=			\
 			-DSTACK_FRAME_UNLIMITED
--- a/libc/calls/clock_gettime.c
+++ b/libc/calls/clock_gettime.c
@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ noinstrument int clock_gettime(int clockid, struct timespec *ts) {
 /**
 * Returns pointer to fastest clock_gettime().
 */
-clock_gettime_f *__get_clock_gettime(bool *opt_out_isfast) {
+clock_gettime_f *__clock_gettime_get(bool *opt_out_isfast) {
  bool isfast;
  clock_gettime_f *res;
  if (IsLinux() && (res = __vdsosym("LINUX_2.6", "__vdso_clock_gettime"))) {
@ -99,6 +99,6 @@ clock_gettime_f *__get_clock_gettime(bool *opt_out_isfast) {

 hidden int __clock_gettime_init(int clockid, struct timespec *ts) {
  clock_gettime_f *gettime;
-  __clock_gettime = gettime = __get_clock_gettime(0);
+  __clock_gettime = gettime = __clock_gettime_get(0);
  return gettime(clockid, ts);
 }
--- a/libc/calls/clock_gettime.h
+++ b/libc/calls/clock_gettime.h
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ typedef int clock_gettime_f(int, struct timespec *);

 extern clock_gettime_f *__clock_gettime;
 hidden clock_gettime_f __clock_gettime_init;
-hidden clock_gettime_f *__get_clock_gettime(bool *);
+hidden clock_gettime_f *__clock_gettime_get(bool *);

 COSMOPOLITAN_C_END_
 #endif /* !(__ASSEMBLER__ + __LINKER__ + 0) */
--- a/libc/calls/execve-nt.greg.c
+++ b/libc/calls/execve-nt.greg.c
@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include "libc/calls/ntspawn.h"
 #include "libc/calls/strace.internal.h"
 #include "libc/calls/syscall-nt.internal.h"
+#include "libc/intrin/kprintf.h"
 #include "libc/mem/alloca.h"
 #include "libc/nt/accounting.h"
 #include "libc/nt/console.h"
@ -59,13 +60,28 @@ textwindows int sys_execve_nt(const char *program, char *const argv[],
  int rc;
  size_t i;
  uint32_t dwExitCode;
+  char progbuf[PATH_MAX];
  struct MemoryIntervals *mm;
  struct NtStartupInfo startinfo;
  struct NtProcessInformation procinfo;

+  if (strlen(program) + 4 + 1 > PATH_MAX) {
+    return enametoolong();
+  }
+
  // this is a non-recoverable operation, so do some manual validation
  if (sys_faccessat_nt(AT_FDCWD, program, X_OK, 0) == -1) {
-    return eacces();
+    stpcpy(stpcpy(progbuf, program), ".com");
+    if (sys_faccessat_nt(AT_FDCWD, progbuf, X_OK, 0) != -1) {
+      program = progbuf;
+    } else {
+      stpcpy(stpcpy(progbuf, program), ".exe");
+      if (sys_faccessat_nt(AT_FDCWD, progbuf, X_OK, 0) != -1) {
+        program = progbuf;
+      } else {
+        return eacces();
+      }
+    }
  }

  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
--- a/libc/calls/execve-sysv.c
+++ b/libc/calls/execve-sysv.c
@ -16,28 +16,80 @@
 │ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
 │ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#include "libc/bits/bits.h"
 #include "libc/bits/safemacros.internal.h"
 #include "libc/calls/calls.h"
 #include "libc/calls/syscall-sysv.internal.h"
 #include "libc/errno.h"
 #include "libc/mem/alloca.h"
 #include "libc/paths.h"
+#include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
 #include "libc/str/str.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/at.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/o.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/consts/ok.h"
+#include "libc/sysv/errfuns.h"
+
+static bool CanExecute(const char *path) {
+  return !sys_faccessat(AT_FDCWD, path, X_OK, 0);
+}
+
+static bool IsApeBinary(const char *path) {
+  int fd;
+  char buf[8];
+  bool res = false;
+  if ((fd = sys_open(path, O_RDONLY, 0)) != -1) {
+    if (sys_read(fd, buf, 8) == 8 && READ64LE(buf) == READ64LE("MZqFpD='")) {
+      res = true;
+    }
+    sys_close(fd);
+  }
+  return res;
+}
+
+static const char *Join(const char *a, const char *b, char buf[PATH_MAX]) {
+  size_t n, m;
+  n = strlen(a);
+  m = strlen(b);
+  if (n + 1 + m + 1 < PATH_MAX) {
+    stpcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(buf, a), "/"), b);
+    return buf;
+  } else {
+    return "";
+  }
+}

 int sys_execve(const char *prog, char *const argv[], char *const envp[]) {
+  int e;
  size_t i;
+  char *buf;
  char **shargs;
+  const char *ape;
+  e = errno;
  __sys_execve(prog, argv, envp);
  if (errno != ENOEXEC) return -1;
  for (i = 0; argv[i];) ++i;
-  shargs = alloca((i + 2) * sizeof(char *));
-  memcpy(shargs + 2, argv + 1, i * sizeof(char *));
-  if (IsFreebsd() || IsNetbsd()) {
-    shargs[0] = firstnonnull(commandv("bash", alloca(PATH_MAX), PATH_MAX),
-                             _PATH_BSHELL);
+  buf = alloca(PATH_MAX);
+  shargs = alloca((i + 4) * sizeof(char *));
+  if (IsApeBinary(prog) &&
+      (CanExecute((ape = "/usr/bin/ape")) ||
+       CanExecute(
+           (ape = Join(firstnonnull(getenv("TMPDIR"), "/tmp"), "ape", buf))))) {
+    shargs[0] = ape;
+    shargs[1] = "-";
+    shargs[2] = prog;
+    memcpy(shargs + 3, argv, (i + 1) * sizeof(char *));
+  } else if (CanExecute(prog)) {
+    if (IsFreebsd() || IsNetbsd()) {
+      shargs[0] = firstnonnull(commandv("bash", buf, PATH_MAX), _PATH_BSHELL);
+    } else {
+      shargs[0] = _PATH_BSHELL;
+    }
+    shargs[1] = prog;
+    memcpy(shargs + 2, argv + 1, i * sizeof(char *));
  } else {
-    shargs[0] = _PATH_BSHELL;
+    return enoexec();
  }
-  shargs[1] = prog;
+  errno = e;
  return __sys_execve(shargs[0], shargs, envp);
 }
--- a/libc/calls/getcwd-nt.c
+++ b/libc/calls/getcwd-nt.c
@ -32,14 +32,21 @@ textwindows char *sys_getcwd_nt(char *buf, size_t size) {
  if ((n = GetCurrentDirectory(ARRAYLEN(p), p))) {
    if (4 + n + 1 <= size && 4 + n + 1 <= ARRAYLEN(p)) {
      tprecode16to8(buf, size, p);
+      i = 0;
      j = 0;
      if (n >= 3 && isalpha(p[0]) && p[1] == ':' && p[2] == '\\') {
+        // turn c:\... into \c\...
+        p[1] = p[0];
+        p[0] = '\\';
+      } else if (n >= 7 && p[0] == '\\' && p[1] == '\\' && p[2] == '?' &&
+                 p[3] == '\\' && isalpha(p[4]) && p[5] == ':' && p[6] == '\\') {
+        // turn \\?\c:\... into \c\...
        buf[j++] = '/';
+        buf[j++] = p[4];
        buf[j++] = '/';
-        buf[j++] = '?';
-        buf[j++] = '/';
+        i += 7;
      }
-      for (i = 0; i < n;) {
+      while (i < n) {
        x = p[i++] & 0xffff;
        if (!IsUcs2(x)) {
          if (i < n) {
--- a/libc/calls/getntsyspath.S
+++ b/libc/calls/getntsyspath.S
@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 │ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
 │ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#include "libc/dce.h"
 #include "libc/macros.internal.h"

 //	Obtains WIN32 magic path, e.g. GetTempPathA.
@ -33,7 +34,13 @@ __getntsyspath:
 	movpp	%rdi,%rcx		# call f=%rax(p1=%rcx,p2=%rdx)
 	sub	$40,%rsp
 	call	*%rax
-	xor	%edx,%edx
+	testb	IsWindows()
+	jz	3f
+	mov	(%rdi),%cl		# turn c:\... into \c\...
+	movb	$'\\',(%rdi)
+	mov	%cl,1(%rdi)
+	movb	$'\\',2(%rdi)
+3:	xor	%edx,%edx
 	mov	-8(%rbp),%ecx		# restore %edx param as %ecx
 	cmp	%eax,%ecx		# use current dir on overflow
 	cmovbe	%edx,%eax
--- a/libc/calls/getprogramexecutablename.greg.c
+++ b/libc/calls/getprogramexecutablename.greg.c
@ -34,6 +34,10 @@

 char program_executable_name[PATH_MAX];

+static inline int IsAlpha(int c) {
+  return ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z') || ('a' <= c && c <= 'z');
+}
+
 static inline char *StrCat(char buf[PATH_MAX], const char *a, const char *b) {
  char *p, *e;
  p = buf;
@ -56,16 +60,16 @@ static inline void GetProgramExecutableNameImpl(char *p, char *e) {
  if (IsWindows()) {
    n = GetModuleFileName(0, u.path16, ARRAYLEN(u.path16));
    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+      // turn c:\foo\bar into c:/foo/bar
      if (u.path16[i] == '\\') {
        u.path16[i] = '/';
      }
    }
-    if (isalpha(u.path16[0]) && u.path16[1] == ':' && u.path16[2] == '/') {
-      p[0] = '/';
-      p[1] = '/';
-      p[2] = '?';
-      p[3] = '/';
-      p += 4;
+    if (IsAlpha(u.path16[0]) && u.path16[1] == ':' && u.path16[2] == '/') {
+      // turn c:/... into /c/...
+      u.path16[1] = u.path16[0];
+      u.path16[0] = '/';
+      u.path16[2] = '/';
    }
    tprecode16to8(p, e - p, u.path16);
    return;
--- a/libc/calls/mkntenvblock.c
+++ b/libc/calls/mkntenvblock.c
@ -17,8 +17,10 @@
 │ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
 #include "libc/alg/arraylist2.internal.h"
+#include "libc/bits/bits.h"
 #include "libc/calls/ntspawn.h"
 #include "libc/fmt/conv.h"
+#include "libc/intrin/kprintf.h"
 #include "libc/macros.internal.h"
 #include "libc/mem/alloca.h"
 #include "libc/mem/mem.h"
@ -31,15 +33,85 @@

 #define ToUpper(c) ((c) >= 'a' && (c) <= 'z' ? (c) - 'a' + 'A' : (c))

-static int CompareStrings(const char *l, const char *r) {
+static inline int IsAlpha(int c) {
+  return ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z') || ('a' <= c && c <= 'z');
+}
+
+static inline char *StrChr(char *s, int c) {
+  for (;; ++s) {
+    if ((*s & 255) == (c & 255)) return s;
+    if (!*s) return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+static textwindows inline int CompareStrings(const char *l, const char *r) {
  int a, b;
  size_t i = 0;
  while ((a = ToUpper(l[i] & 255)) == (b = ToUpper(r[i] & 255)) && r[i]) ++i;
  return a - b;
 }

-static void InsertString(char **a, size_t i, char *s) {
-  size_t j;
+static textwindows void FixPath(char *path) {
+  char *p;
+  size_t i;
+
+  // skip over variable name
+  while (*path++) {
+    if (path[-1] == '=') {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // turn colon into semicolon
+  // unless it already looks like a dos path
+  for (p = path; *p; ++p) {
+    if (p[0] == ':' && p[1] != '\\') {
+      p[0] = ';';
+    }
+  }
+
+  // turn \c\... into c:\...
+  p = path;
+  if (p[0] == '/' && IsAlpha(p[1]) && p[2] == '/') {
+    p[0] = p[1];
+    p[1] = ':';
+  }
+  for (; *p; ++p) {
+    if (p[0] == ';' && p[1] == '/' && IsAlpha(p[2]) && p[3] == '/') {
+      p[1] = p[2];
+      p[2] = ':';
+    }
+  }
+
+  // turn slash into backslash
+  for (p = path; *p; ++p) {
+    if (*p == '/') {
+      *p = '\\';
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static textwindows void InsertString(char **a, size_t i, char *s,
+                                     char buf[ARG_MAX], size_t *bufi) {
+  char *v;
+  size_t j, k;
+
+  // apply fixups to var=/c/...
+  if ((v = StrChr(s, '=')) && v[1] == '/' && IsAlpha(v[2]) && v[3] == '/') {
+    v = buf + *bufi;
+    for (k = 0; s[k]; ++k) {
+      if (*bufi + 1 < ARG_MAX) {
+        buf[(*bufi)++] = s[k];
+      }
+    }
+    if (*bufi < ARG_MAX) {
+      buf[(*bufi)++] = 0;
+      FixPath(v);
+      s = v;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // append to sorted list
  for (j = i; j > 0 && CompareStrings(s, a[j - 1]) < 0; --j) {
    a[j] = a[j - 1];
  }
@ -58,18 +130,18 @@ static void InsertString(char **a, size_t i, char *s) {
 * @error E2BIG if total number of shorts exceeded ARG_MAX/2 (32767)
 */
 textwindows int mkntenvblock(char16_t envvars[ARG_MAX / 2], char *const envp[],
-                             const char *extravar) {
+                             const char *extravar, char buf[ARG_MAX]) {
  bool v;
  char *t;
  axdx_t rc;
  uint64_t w;
  char **vars;
  wint_t x, y;
-  size_t i, j, k, n, m;
+  size_t i, j, k, n, m, bufi = 0;
  for (n = 0; envp[n];) n++;
  vars = alloca((n + 1) * sizeof(char *));
-  for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) InsertString(vars, i, envp[i]);
-  if (extravar) InsertString(vars, n++, extravar);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) InsertString(vars, i, envp[i], buf, &bufi);
+  if (extravar) InsertString(vars, n++, extravar, buf, &bufi);
  for (k = i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
    j = 0;
    v = false;
--- a/libc/calls/mkntpath.c
+++ b/libc/calls/mkntpath.c
@ -31,6 +31,10 @@ static inline bool IsSlash(char c) {
  return c == '/' || c == '\\';
 }

+static inline int IsAlpha(int c) {
+  return ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z') || ('a' <= c && c <= 'z');
+}
+
 textwindows static const char *FixNtMagicPath(const char *path,
                                              unsigned flags) {
  const struct NtMagicPaths *mp = &kNtMagicPaths;
@ -78,18 +82,51 @@ textwindows int __mkntpath2(const char *path,
   */
  char16_t *p;
  const char *q;
-  size_t i, n, m, z;
+  bool isdospath;
+  size_t i, n, m, x, z;
  if (!path) return efault();
  path = FixNtMagicPath(path, flags);
  p = path16;
  q = path;
-  if (IsSlash(path[0]) && IsSlash(path[1]) && path[2] == '?' &&
-      IsSlash(path[3])) {
+
+  if (IsSlash(q[0]) && IsAlpha(q[1]) && IsSlash(q[2])) {
    z = MIN(32767, PATH_MAX);
+    // turn "\c\foo" into "\\?\c:\foo"
+    p[0] = '\\';
+    p[1] = '\\';
+    p[2] = '?';
+    p[3] = '\\';
+    p[4] = q[1];
+    p[5] = ':';
+    p[6] = '\\';
+    p += 7;
+    q += 3;
+    z -= 7;
+    x = 7;
+  } else if (IsSlash(q[0]) && IsAlpha(q[1]) && IsSlash(q[2])) {
+    z = MIN(32767, PATH_MAX);
+    // turn "c:\foo" into "\\?\c:\foo"
+    p[0] = '\\';
+    p[1] = '\\';
+    p[2] = '?';
+    p[3] = '\\';
+    p[4] = q[0];
+    p[5] = ':';
+    p[6] = '\\';
+    p += 7;
+    q += 3;
+    z -= 7;
+    x = 7;
+  } else if (IsSlash(q[0]) && IsSlash(q[1]) && q[2] == '?' && IsSlash(q[3])) {
+    z = MIN(32767, PATH_MAX);
+    x = 0;
  } else {
    z = MIN(260, PATH_MAX);
+    x = 0;
  }
-  if (IsSlash(q[0]) && q[1] == 't' && q[2] == 'm' && q[3] == 'p' &&
+
+  // turn /tmp into GetTempPath()
+  if (!x && IsSlash(q[0]) && q[1] == 't' && q[2] == 'm' && q[3] == 'p' &&
      (IsSlash(q[4]) || !q[4])) {
    m = GetTempPath(z, p);
    if (!q[4]) return m;
@ -99,15 +136,20 @@ textwindows int __mkntpath2(const char *path,
  } else {
    m = 0;
  }
+
+  // turn utf-8 into utf-16
  n = tprecode8to16(p, z, q).ax;
  if (n >= z - 1) {
    STRACE("path too long for windows: %#s", path);
    return enametoolong();
  }
+
+  // turn slash into backslash
  for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
    if (p[i] == '/') {
      p[i] = '\\';
    }
  }
-  return m + n;
+
+  return x + m + n;
 }
--- a/libc/calls/now.c
+++ b/libc/calls/now.c
@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ static long double nowl_vdso(void) {
 long double nowl_setup(void) {
  bool isfast;
  uint64_t ticks;
-  __gettime = __get_clock_gettime(&isfast);
+  __gettime = __clock_gettime_get(&isfast);
  if (isfast) {
    nowl = nowl_vdso;
  } else if (X86_HAVE(INVTSC)) {
--- a/libc/calls/ntaccesscheck.c
+++ b/libc/calls/ntaccesscheck.c
@ -94,15 +94,15 @@ TryAgain:
          }
        } else {
          rc = __winerr();
-          STRACE("%s failed: %m", "AccessCheck");
+          STRACE("%s(%#hs) failed: %m", "AccessCheck", pathname);
        }
      } else {
        rc = __winerr();
-        STRACE("%s failed: %m", "DuplicateToken");
+        STRACE("%s(%#hs) failed: %m", "DuplicateToken", pathname);
      }
    } else {
      rc = __winerr();
-      STRACE("%s failed: %m", "OpenProcessToken");
+      STRACE("%s(%#hs) failed: %m", "OpenProcessToken", pathname);
    }
  } else {
    e = GetLastError();
@ -112,9 +112,11 @@ TryAgain:
        goto TryAgain;
      } else {
        rc = enomem();
+        STRACE("%s(%#hs) failed: %m", "GetFileSecurity", pathname);
      }
    } else {
      errno = e;
+      STRACE("%s(%#hs) failed: %m", "GetFileSecurity", pathname);
      rc = -1;
    }
  }
--- a/libc/calls/ntspawn.c
+++ b/libc/calls/ntspawn.c
@ -36,8 +36,9 @@ struct SpawnBlock {
    struct {
      char16_t cmdline[ARG_MAX / 2];
      char16_t envvars[ARG_MAX / 2];
+      char buf[ARG_MAX];
    };
-    char __pad[ROUNDUP(ARG_MAX / 2 * 2 * sizeof(char16_t), FRAMESIZE)];
+    char __pad[ROUNDUP(ARG_MAX / 2 * 3 * sizeof(char16_t), FRAMESIZE)];
  };
 };

@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ textwindows int ntspawn(
      (block = MapViewOfFileEx(handle, kNtFileMapRead | kNtFileMapWrite, 0, 0,
                               sizeof(*block), 0)) &&
      mkntcmdline(block->cmdline, prog, argv) != -1 &&
-      mkntenvblock(block->envvars, envp, extravar) != -1 &&
+      mkntenvblock(block->envvars, envp, extravar, block->buf) != -1 &&
      CreateProcess(prog16, block->cmdline, opt_lpProcessAttributes,
                    opt_lpThreadAttributes, bInheritHandles,
                    dwCreationFlags | kNtCreateUnicodeEnvironment,
--- a/libc/calls/ntspawn.h
+++ b/libc/calls/ntspawn.h
@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
 COSMOPOLITAN_C_START_

 int mkntcmdline(char16_t[ARG_MAX / 2], const char *, char *const[]) hidden;
-int mkntenvblock(char16_t[ARG_MAX / 2], char *const[], const char *) hidden;
+int mkntenvblock(char16_t[ARG_MAX / 2], char *const[], const char *,
+                 char[ARG_MAX]) hidden;
 int ntspawn(const char *, char *const[], char *const[], const char *,
            struct NtSecurityAttributes *, struct NtSecurityAttributes *,
            bool32, uint32_t, const char16_t *, const struct NtStartupInfo *,
--- a/libc/calls/readlinkat-nt.c
+++ b/libc/calls/readlinkat-nt.c
@ -58,10 +58,9 @@ textwindows ssize_t sys_readlinkat_nt(int dirfd, const char *path, char *buf,
        p = (char16_t *)((char *)rdb->SymbolicLinkReparseBuffer.PathBuffer +
                         rdb->SymbolicLinkReparseBuffer.PrintNameOffset);
        if (n >= 3 && isalpha(p[0]) && p[1] == ':' && p[2] == '\\') {
-          buf[j++] = '/';
-          buf[j++] = '/';
-          buf[j++] = '?';
-          buf[j++] = '/';
+          p[1] = p[0];
+          p[0] = '/';
+          p[2] = '/';
        }
        while (i < n) {
          x = p[i++] & 0xffff;
--- a/libc/calls/strace.internal.h
+++ b/libc/calls/strace.internal.h
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 #define _KERNTRACE 0 /* not configurable w/ flag yet */
 #define _POLLTRACE 0 /* not configurable w/ flag yet */
 #define _DATATRACE 1 /* not configurable w/ flag yet */
-#define _NTTRACE   1 /* not configurable w/ flag yet */
+#define _NTTRACE   0 /* not configurable w/ flag yet */

 #define STRACE_PROLOGUE "%rSYS %5P %'18T "

--- a/libc/calls/syscall-sysv.internal.h
+++ b/libc/calls/syscall-sysv.internal.h
@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ i32 sys_mknod(const char *, u32, u64) hidden;
 i32 sys_mprotect(void *, u64, i32) hidden;
 i32 sys_msync(void *, u64, i32) hidden;
 i32 sys_munmap(void *, u64) hidden;
+i32 sys_open(const char *, i32, u32) hidden;
 i32 sys_openat(i32, const char *, i32, u32) hidden;
 i32 sys_pause(void) hidden;
 i32 sys_pipe(i32[hasatleast 2]) hidden;
--- a/libc/fmt/stoa.c
+++ b/libc/fmt/stoa.c
@ -62,19 +62,6 @@ static int __fmt_stoa_quoted(out_f out, void *a, uint64_t w) {
  return out(buf, a, w ? (bsr(w) >> 3) + 1 : 1);
 }

-static int __fmt_stoa_quote(out_f out, void *arg, unsigned flags, char ch,
-                            unsigned char signbit) {
-  if (flags & FLAGS_REPR) {
-    if (signbit == 63) {
-      if (out("L", arg, 1) == -1) return -1;
-    } else if (signbit == 15) {
-      if (out("u", arg, 1) == -1) return -1;
-    }
-    if (out(&ch, arg, 1) == -1) return -1;
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
 /**
 * Converts string to array.
 *
@ -103,8 +90,6 @@ int __fmt_stoa(int out(const char *, void *, size_t), void *arg, void *data,
    if (flags & FLAGS_PRECISION) {
      precision = min(strlen(p), precision);
    }
-  } else {
-    if (__fmt_stoa_quote(out, arg, flags, qchar, signbit) == -1) return -1;
  }

  ignorenul = false;
@ -153,6 +138,9 @@ int __fmt_stoa(int out(const char *, void *, size_t), void *arg, void *data,
    } else if (weaken(strnwidth)) {
      w = weaken(strnwidth)(p, precision, 0);
    }
+    if (!(flags & FLAGS_NOQUOTE) && (flags & FLAGS_REPR)) {
+      w += 2 + (signbit == 63) + (signbit == 15);
+    }
    if (w < width) {
      pad = width - w;
    }
@ -162,6 +150,16 @@ int __fmt_stoa(int out(const char *, void *, size_t), void *arg, void *data,
    if (__fmt_pad(out, arg, pad) == -1) return -1;
  }

+  if (!(flags & FLAGS_NOQUOTE) && (flags & FLAGS_REPR)) {
+    if (signbit == 63) {
+      if (out("L", arg, 1) == -1) return -1;
+    } else if (signbit == 15) {
+      if (out("u", arg, 1) == -1) return -1;
+    }
+    buf[0] = qchar;
+    if (out(buf, arg, 1) == -1) return -1;
+  }
+
  if (justdobytes) {
    while (precision--) {
      wc = *p++ & 0xff;
@ -207,14 +205,14 @@ int __fmt_stoa(int out(const char *, void *, size_t), void *arg, void *data,
    }
  }

-  if (pad && (flags & FLAGS_LEFT)) {
-    if (__fmt_pad(out, arg, pad) == -1) return -1;
-  }
-
  if (!(flags & FLAGS_NOQUOTE) && (flags & FLAGS_REPR)) {
    buf[0] = qchar;
    if (out(buf, arg, 1) == -1) return -1;
  }

+  if (pad && (flags & FLAGS_LEFT)) {
+    if (__fmt_pad(out, arg, pad) == -1) return -1;
+  }
+
  return 0;
 }
--- a/libc/nexgen32e/gc.S
+++ b/libc/nexgen32e/gc.S
@ -22,6 +22,8 @@

 #define INITIAL_CAPACITY 4

+	nop
+
 //	Invokes deferred function calls.
 //
 //	This offers behavior similar to std::unique_ptr. Functions
@ -32,8 +34,6 @@
 //
 //	@param	rax,rdx,xmm0,xmm1,st0,st1 is return value
 //	@see	test/libc/runtime/gc_test.c
-	nop	# backtrace workaround
-//	<LIMBO>
 __gc:	decq	__garbage(%rip)
 	mov	__garbage(%rip),%r8
 	mov	__garbage+16(%rip),%r9
@ -43,17 +43,16 @@ __gc:	decq	__garbage(%rip)
 	mov	8(%r8),%r9
 	mov	16(%r8),%rdi
 	push	24(%r8)
-//	</LIMBO>
 	push	%rbp
 	mov	%rsp,%rbp
-	sub	$16,%rsp
-	push	%rax
-	push	%rdx
-	movdqa	%xmm0,-16(%rbp)
+	sub	$32,%rsp
+	mov	%rax,-8(%rbp)
+	mov	%rdx,-16(%rbp)
+	movdqa	%xmm0,-32(%rbp)
 	call	*%r9
-	movdqa	-16(%rbp),%xmm0
-	pop	%rdx
-	pop	%rax
+	movdqa	-32(%rbp),%xmm0
+	mov	-16(%rbp),%rdx
+	mov	-8(%rbp),%rax
 	leave
 	ret
 9:	hlt
--- a/libc/runtime/finddebugbinary.c
+++ b/libc/runtime/finddebugbinary.c
@ -35,23 +35,24 @@ const char *FindDebugBinary(void) {
  char *p;
  size_t n;
  if (!once) {
-    if (!(res = getenv("COMDBG"))) {
-      p = GetProgramExecutableName();
-      n = strlen(p);
-      if (n > 4 && READ32LE(p + n - 4) == READ32LE(".dbg")) {
-        res = p;
-      } else if (n > 4 && READ32LE(p + n - 4) == READ32LE(".com") &&
-                 n + 4 < ARRAYLEN(buf)) {
-        mempcpy(mempcpy(buf, p, n), ".dbg", 5);
-        if (fileexists(buf)) {
-          res = buf;
-        }
-      } else if (n + 8 < ARRAYLEN(buf)) {
-        mempcpy(mempcpy(buf, p, n), ".com.dbg", 9);
-        if (fileexists(buf)) {
-          res = buf;
-        }
+    p = GetProgramExecutableName();
+    n = strlen(p);
+    if (n > 4 && READ32LE(p + n - 4) == READ32LE(".dbg")) {
+      res = p;
+    } else if (n > 4 && READ32LE(p + n - 4) == READ32LE(".com") &&
+               n + 4 < ARRAYLEN(buf)) {
+      mempcpy(mempcpy(buf, p, n), ".dbg", 5);
+      if (fileexists(buf)) {
+        res = buf;
      }
+    } else if (n + 8 < ARRAYLEN(buf)) {
+      mempcpy(mempcpy(buf, p, n), ".com.dbg", 9);
+      if (fileexists(buf)) {
+        res = buf;
+      }
+    }
+    if (!res) {
+      res = getenv("COMDBG");
    }
    once = true;
  }
--- a/libc/runtime/getdosenviron.c
+++ b/libc/runtime/getdosenviron.c
@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 │ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
 │ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
 ╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#include "libc/bits/bits.h"
 #include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
 #include "libc/str/str.h"
 #include "libc/str/tpenc.h"
@ -23,6 +24,19 @@

 #define ToUpper(c) ((c) >= 'a' && (c) <= 'z' ? (c) - 'a' + 'A' : (c))

+forceinline int IsAlpha(int c) {
+  return ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z') || ('a' <= c && c <= 'z');
+}
+
+forceinline char *MemChr(const char *s, unsigned char c, unsigned long n) {
+  for (; n; --n, ++s) {
+    if ((*s & 255) == c) {
+      return s;
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
 static textwindows noasan noinstrument axdx_t Recode16to8(char *dst,
                                                          size_t dstsize,
                                                          const char16_t *src) {
@ -45,13 +59,51 @@ static textwindows noasan noinstrument axdx_t Recode16to8(char *dst,
    }
    w = tpenc(x);
    do {
-      if (r.ax + 1 >= dstsize) break;
-      dst[r.ax++] = w;
+      if (r.ax + 1 < dstsize) {
+        dst[r.ax++] = w;
+      } else {
+        break;
+      }
    } while ((w >>= 8));
  }
+  if (r.ax < dstsize) {
+    dst[r.ax] = 0;
+  }
  return r;
 }

+textwindows noinstrument noasan void FixPath(char *path) {
+  char *p;
+  size_t i;
+
+  // turn backslash into slash
+  for (p = path; *p; ++p) {
+    if (*p == '\\') {
+      *p = '/';
+    }
+  }
+
+  // turn c:/... into /c/...
+  p = path;
+  if (IsAlpha(p[0]) && p[1] == ':' && p[2] == '/') {
+    p[1] = p[0];
+    p[0] = '/';
+  }
+  for (; *p; ++p) {
+    if (p[0] == ';' && IsAlpha(p[1]) && p[2] == ':' && p[3] == '/') {
+      p[2] = p[1];
+      p[1] = '/';
+    }
+  }
+
+  // turn semicolon into colon
+  for (p = path; *p; ++p) {
+    if (*p == ';') {
+      *p = ':';
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 /**
 * Transcodes NT environment variable block from UTF-16 to UTF-8.
 *
@ -66,12 +118,17 @@ textwindows noasan noinstrument int GetDosEnviron(const char16_t *env,
                                                  char *buf, size_t size,
                                                  char **envp, size_t max) {
  int i;
+  char *p;
  axdx_t r;
  i = 0;
  --size;
  while (*env) {
    if (i + 1 < max) envp[i++] = buf;
    r = Recode16to8(buf, size, env);
+    if ((p = memchr(buf, '=', r.ax)) && IsAlpha(p[1]) && p[2] == ':' &&
+        (p[3] == '\\' || p[3] == '/')) {
+      FixPath(p + 1);
+    }
    size -= r.ax + 1;
    buf += r.ax + 1;
    env += r.dx;
--- a/libc/x/x.h
+++ b/libc/x/x.h
@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ char *xdirname(const char *) paramsnonnull() _XMAL;
 char *xjoinpaths(const char *, const char *) paramsnonnull() _XMAL;
 char *xreadlink(const char *) paramsnonnull() _XMAL;
 char *xreadlinkat(int, const char *) paramsnonnull() _XMAL;
+void xfixpath(void);

 /*───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────│─╗
 │ cosmopolitan § eXtended apis » time                                      ─╬─│┼
--- a/libc/x/xfixpath.c
+++ b/libc/x/xfixpath.c
@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*-*- mode:c;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:2;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8 -*-│
+│vi: set net ft=c ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8                                :vi│
+╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
+│ Copyright 2022 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
+│                                                                              │
+│ Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for         │
+│ any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the         │
+│ above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.      │
+│                                                                              │
+│ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL                │
+│ WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED                │
+│ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE             │
+│ AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL         │
+│ DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR        │
+│ PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER               │
+│ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
+│ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#include "libc/mem/mem.h"
+#include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
+#include "libc/str/str.h"
+#include "libc/x/x.h"
+
+static inline int IsAlpha(int c) {
+  return ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z') || ('a' <= c && c <= 'z');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Fixes $PATH environment variable on Windows.
+ */
+void xfixpath(void) {
+  size_t i;
+  char *p, *path;
+  path = strdup(getenv("PATH"));
+  if (strstr(path, "C:\\") && strstr(path, ";")) {
+
+    // turn backslash into slash
+    for (p = path; *p; ++p) {
+      if (*p == '\\') *p = '/';
+    }
+
+    // turn c:/... into /c/...
+    if (IsAlpha(path[0]) && path[1] == ':' && path[2] == '/') {
+      path[1] = path[0];
+      path[0] = '/';
+    }
+    for (p = path, i = 0; p[i]; ++i) {
+      if (p[i + 0] == ';' && IsAlpha(p[i + 1]) && p[i + 2] == ':' &&
+          p[i + 3] == '/') {
+        p[i + 2] = p[i + 1];
+        p[i + 1] = '/';
+      }
+    }
+
+    // turn semicolon into colon
+    for (p = path; *p; ++p) {
+      if (*p == ';') *p = ':';
+    }
+
+    setenv("PATH", path, true);
+  }
+  free(path);
+}
--- a/test/dsp/core/test.mk
+++ b/test/dsp/core/test.mk
@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/dsp/core/%.com.dbg:				\
 		o/$(MODE)/test/dsp/core/%.o			\
 		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)				\
 		$(CRT)						\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 .PHONY: o/$(MODE)/test/dsp/core
--- a/test/dsp/scale/test.mk
+++ b/test/dsp/scale/test.mk
@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/dsp/scale/%.com.dbg:			\
 		o/$(MODE)/test/dsp/scale/scale.pkg	\
 		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)			\
 		$(CRT)					\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 .PHONY: o/$(MODE)/test/dsp/scale
--- a/test/dsp/tty/test.mk
+++ b/test/dsp/tty/test.mk
@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/dsp/tty/%.com.dbg:			\
 		o/$(MODE)/test/dsp/tty/tty.pkg		\
 		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)			\
 		$(CRT)					\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 .PHONY: o/$(MODE)/test/dsp/tty
--- a/test/libc/alg/test.mk
+++ b/test/libc/alg/test.mk
@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/libc/alg/%.com.dbg:			\
 		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/alg/alg.pkg		\
 		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)			\
 		$(CRT)					\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 $(TEST_LIBC_ALG_OBJS): test/libc/alg/test.mk
--- a/test/libc/bits/test.mk
+++ b/test/libc/bits/test.mk
@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/libc/bits/%.com.dbg:			\
 		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/bits/bits.pkg	\
 		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)			\
 		$(CRT)					\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 $(TEST_LIBC_BITS_OBJS):					\
--- a/test/libc/calls/clock_gettime_test.c
+++ b/test/libc/calls/clock_gettime_test.c
@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ TEST(clock_gettime, test) {
  ASSERT_NE(0, ts.tv_sec);
  ASSERT_NE(0, ts.tv_nsec);
  if (__is_linux_2_6_23()) {
-    ASSERT_GT((intptr_t)__get_clock_gettime(&isfast),
+    ASSERT_GT((intptr_t)__clock_gettime_get(&isfast),
              getauxval(AT_SYSINFO_EHDR));
    ASSERT_TRUE(isfast);
  }
--- a/test/libc/calls/getcwd_test.c
+++ b/test/libc/calls/getcwd_test.c
@ -45,5 +45,5 @@ TEST(getcwd, testWindows_addsFunnyPrefix) {
  if (!IsWindows()) return;
  char path[PATH_MAX];
  ASSERT_NE(0, getcwd(path, sizeof(path)));
-  EXPECT_STARTSWITH("//?/", path);
+  EXPECT_STARTSWITH("/C/", path);
 }
--- a/test/libc/calls/mkntenvblock_test.c
+++ b/test/libc/calls/mkntenvblock_test.c
@ -20,17 +20,18 @@
 #include "libc/runtime/gc.internal.h"
 #include "libc/testlib/testlib.h"

+char tmp[ARG_MAX];
 char16_t envvars[ARG_MAX / 2];

 TEST(mkntenvblock, emptyList_onlyOutputsDoubleNulStringTerminator) {
  char *envp[] = {NULL};
-  ASSERT_NE(-1, mkntenvblock(envvars, envp, NULL));
+  ASSERT_NE(-1, mkntenvblock(envvars, envp, NULL, tmp));
  ASSERT_BINEQ(u"  ", envvars);
 }

 TEST(mkntenvblock, envp_becomesSortedDoubleNulTerminatedUtf16String) {
  char *envp[] = {"u=b", "c=d", "韩=非", "uh=d", "hduc=d", NULL};
-  ASSERT_NE(-1, mkntenvblock(envvars, envp, NULL));
+  ASSERT_NE(-1, mkntenvblock(envvars, envp, NULL, tmp));
  ASSERT_BINEQ(u"C = d   "
               u"H D U C = d   "
               u"U = b   "
@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ TEST(mkntenvblock, envp_becomesSortedDoubleNulTerminatedUtf16String) {

 TEST(mkntenvblock, extraVar_getsAdded) {
  char *envp[] = {"u=b", "c=d", "韩=非", "uh=d", "hduc=d", NULL};
-  ASSERT_NE(-1, mkntenvblock(envvars, envp, "a=a"));
+  ASSERT_NE(-1, mkntenvblock(envvars, envp, "a=a", tmp));
  ASSERT_BINEQ(u"A = a   "
               u"C = d   "
               u"H D U C = d   "
@ -52,3 +53,11 @@ TEST(mkntenvblock, extraVar_getsAdded) {
               u"  ",
               envvars);
 }
+
+TEST(mkntenvblock, pathvars_getUpdated) {
+  char *envp[] = {"PATH=/c/foo:/d/bar", NULL};
+  ASSERT_NE(-1, mkntenvblock(envvars, envp, 0, tmp));
+  ASSERT_BINEQ(u"P A T H = c : \\ f o o ; d : \\ b a r   "
+               u"  ",
+               envvars);
+}
--- a/test/libc/calls/readlinkat_test.c
+++ b/test/libc/calls/readlinkat_test.c
@ -101,9 +101,10 @@ TEST(readlinkat, statReadsNameLength) {
 }

 TEST(readlinkat, realpathReturnsLongPath) {
-  if (!IsWindows()) return;
  struct stat st;
  char buf[PATH_MAX];
+  if (!IsWindows()) return;
+  if (!startswith(getcwd(buf, PATH_MAX), "/c/")) return;
  ASSERT_SYS(0, 0, touch("froot", 0644));
-  ASSERT_STARTSWITH("//?/", realpath("froot", buf));
+  ASSERT_STARTSWITH("/c/", realpath("froot", buf));
 }
--- a/test/libc/calls/test.mk
+++ b/test/libc/calls/test.mk
@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/libc/calls/%.com.dbg:			\
 		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/calls/calls.pkg	\
 		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)			\
 		$(CRT)					\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 .PHONY: o/$(MODE)/test/libc/calls
--- a/test/libc/dns/test.mk
+++ b/test/libc/dns/test.mk
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/libc/dns/%.com.dbg:			\
 		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/dns/dns.pkg	\
 		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)			\
 		$(CRT)					\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 .PHONY: o/$(MODE)/test/libc/dns
--- a/test/libc/fmt/fmt_test.c
+++ b/test/libc/fmt/fmt_test.c
@ -278,6 +278,11 @@ TEST(fmt, p) {
               gc(xasprintf("% 10p", 0xffff800000031337)));
 }

+TEST(fmt, quoted) {
+  ASSERT_STREQ("   \"hello\"", gc(xasprintf("%`*.*s", 10, 5, "hello")));
+  ASSERT_STREQ("\"hello\"   ", gc(xasprintf("%-`*.*s", 10, 5, "hello")));
+}
+
 TEST(fmt, regress) {
  char buf[512];
  const char *meth = "GET";
--- a/test/libc/fmt/test.mk
+++ b/test/libc/fmt/test.mk
@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/libc/fmt/%.com.dbg:			\
 		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/fmt/fmt.pkg		\
 		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)			\
 		$(CRT)					\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 $(TEST_LIBC_FMT_OBJS): test/libc/fmt/test.mk
--- a/test/libc/intrin/test.mk
+++ b/test/libc/intrin/test.mk
@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/libc/intrin/%.com.dbg:			\
 		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/intrin/intrin.pkg	\
 		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)			\
 		$(CRT)					\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 $(TEST_LIBC_INTRIN_OBJS):				\
--- a/test/libc/log/backtrace.c
+++ b/test/libc/log/backtrace.c
@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+/*-*- mode:c;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:2;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8 -*-│
+│vi: set net ft=c ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8                                :vi│
+╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
+│ Copyright 2022 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
+│                                                                              │
+│ Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for         │
+│ any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the         │
+│ above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.      │
+│                                                                              │
+│ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL                │
+│ WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED                │
+│ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE             │
+│ AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL         │
+│ DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR        │
+│ PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER               │
+│ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
+│ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#include "libc/fmt/conv.h"
+#include "libc/limits.h"
+#include "libc/log/log.h"
+#include "libc/runtime/symbols.internal.h"
+#include "libc/stdio/stdio.h"
+#include "libc/str/str.h"
+
+int StackOverflow(int f(), int n) {
+  if (n < INT_MAX) {
+    return f(f, n + 1) - 1;
+  } else {
+    return INT_MAX;
+  }
+}
+
+void FpuCrash(void) {
+  typedef char xmm_t __attribute__((__vector_size__(16)));
+  xmm_t v = {0x0, 0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4, 0x5, 0x6, 0x7,
+             0x8, 0x9, 0xa, 0xb, 0xc, 0xd, 0xe, 0xf};
+  volatile int x = 0;
+  asm volatile("fldpi");
+  asm volatile("mov\t%0,%%r15" : /* no outputs */ : "g"(0x3133731337));
+  asm volatile("movaps\t%0,%%xmm15" : /* no outputs */ : "x"(v));
+  fputc(7 / x, stdout);
+}
+
+char bss[10];
+void BssOverrunCrash(int n) {
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+    bss[i] = i;
+  }
+}
+
+char data[10] = "abcdeabcde";
+void DataOverrunCrash(int n) {
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+    data[i] = i;
+  }
+}
+
+const char rodata[10] = "abcdeabcde";
+int RodataOverrunCrash(int i) {
+  return rodata[i];
+}
+
+char *StackOverrunCrash(int n) {
+  int i;
+  char stack[10];
+  bzero(stack, sizeof(stack));
+  for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+    stack[i] = i;
+  }
+  return strdup(stack);
+}
+
+char *MemoryLeakCrash(void) {
+  char *p = strdup("doge");
+  CheckForMemoryLeaks();
+  return p;
+}
+
+int NpeCrash(char *p) {
+  asm("nop");  // xxx: due to backtrace addr-1 thing
+  return *p;
+}
+
+void (*pFpuCrash)(void) = FpuCrash;
+void (*pBssOverrunCrash)(int) = BssOverrunCrash;
+void (*pDataOverrunCrash)(int) = DataOverrunCrash;
+int (*pRodataOverrunCrash)(int) = RodataOverrunCrash;
+char *(*pStackOverrunCrash)(int) = StackOverrunCrash;
+char *(*pMemoryLeakCrash)(void) = MemoryLeakCrash;
+int (*pNpeCrash)(char *) = NpeCrash;
+int (*pStackOverflow)(int (*)(), int) = StackOverflow;
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  ShowCrashReports();
+  if (argc > 1) {
+    switch (atoi(argv[1])) {
+      case 0:
+        break;
+      case 1:
+        pFpuCrash();
+        exit(0);
+      case 2:
+        pBssOverrunCrash(10 + 1);
+        exit(0);
+      case 3:
+        exit(pRodataOverrunCrash(10 + 1));
+      case 4:
+        pDataOverrunCrash(10 + 1);
+        exit(0);
+      case 5:
+        exit((intptr_t)pStackOverrunCrash(10 + 1));
+      case 6:
+        exit((intptr_t)pMemoryLeakCrash());
+      case 7:
+        exit(pNpeCrash(0));
+      case 8:
+        __cxa_finalize(0);
+        exit(pNpeCrash(0));
+      case 9:
+        exit(pStackOverflow(pStackOverflow, 0));
+      default:
+        fputs("error: unrecognized argument\n", stderr);
+        exit(1);
+    }
+  } else {
+    fputs("error: too few args\n", stderr);
+    exit(1);
+  }
+}
--- a/test/libc/log/backtrace_test.c
+++ b/test/libc/log/backtrace_test.c
@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include "libc/limits.h"
 #include "libc/log/libfatal.internal.h"
 #include "libc/log/log.h"
+#include "libc/mem/io.h"
 #include "libc/mem/mem.h"
 #include "libc/runtime/gc.internal.h"
 #include "libc/runtime/internal.h"
@ -40,115 +41,30 @@
 #include "libc/x/x.h"
 #include "net/http/escape.h"

-int StackOverflow(int f(), int n) {
-  if (n < INT_MAX) {
-    return f(f, n + 1) - 1;
-  } else {
-    return INT_MAX;
-  }
+STATIC_YOINK("zip_uri_support");
+STATIC_YOINK("backtrace.com");
+STATIC_YOINK("backtrace.com.dbg");
+
+char testlib_enable_tmp_setup_teardown_once;
+
+void Extract(const char *from, const char *to, int mode) {
+  ASSERT_SYS(0, 3, open(from, O_RDONLY));
+  ASSERT_SYS(0, 4, creat(to, mode));
+  ASSERT_NE(-1, _copyfd(3, 4, -1));
+  EXPECT_SYS(0, 0, close(4));
+  EXPECT_SYS(0, 0, close(3));
+}
+
+void SetUpOnce(void) {
+  ASSERT_NE(-1, mkdir("bin", 0755));
+  Extract("/zip/backtrace.com", "bin/backtrace.com", 0755);
+  Extract("/zip/backtrace.com.dbg", "bin/backtrace.com.dbg", 0755);
 }

 static bool OutputHasSymbol(const char *output, const char *s) {
  return strstr(output, s) || (!FindDebugBinary() && strstr(output, "NULL"));
 }

-void FpuCrash(void) {
-  typedef char xmm_t __attribute__((__vector_size__(16)));
-  xmm_t v = {0x0, 0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4, 0x5, 0x6, 0x7,
-             0x8, 0x9, 0xa, 0xb, 0xc, 0xd, 0xe, 0xf};
-  volatile int x = 0;
-  asm volatile("fldpi");
-  asm volatile("mov\t%0,%%r15" : /* no outputs */ : "g"(0x3133731337));
-  asm volatile("movaps\t%0,%%xmm15" : /* no outputs */ : "x"(v));
-  fputc(7 / x, stdout);
-}
-
-char bss[10];
-void BssOverrunCrash(int n) {
-  int i;
-  for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-    bss[i] = i;
-  }
-}
-
-char data[10] = "abcdeabcde";
-void DataOverrunCrash(int n) {
-  int i;
-  for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-    data[i] = i;
-  }
-}
-
-const char rodata[10] = "abcdeabcde";
-int RodataOverrunCrash(int i) {
-  return rodata[i];
-}
-
-char *StackOverrunCrash(int n) {
-  int i;
-  char stack[10];
-  bzero(stack, sizeof(stack));
-  for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-    stack[i] = i;
-  }
-  return strdup(stack);
-}
-
-char *MemoryLeakCrash(void) {
-  char *p = strdup("doge");
-  CheckForMemoryLeaks();
-  return p;
-}
-
-int NpeCrash(char *p) {
-  asm("nop");  // xxx: due to backtrace addr-1 thing
-  return *p;
-}
-
-void (*pFpuCrash)(void) = FpuCrash;
-void (*pBssOverrunCrash)(int) = BssOverrunCrash;
-void (*pDataOverrunCrash)(int) = DataOverrunCrash;
-int (*pRodataOverrunCrash)(int) = RodataOverrunCrash;
-char *(*pStackOverrunCrash)(int) = StackOverrunCrash;
-char *(*pMemoryLeakCrash)(void) = MemoryLeakCrash;
-int (*pNpeCrash)(char *) = NpeCrash;
-int (*pStackOverflow)(int (*)(), int) = StackOverflow;
-
-void SetUp(void) {
-  ShowCrashReports();
-  if (__argc == 2) {
-    switch (atoi(__argv[1])) {
-      case 0:
-        break;
-      case 1:
-        pFpuCrash();
-        exit(0);
-      case 2:
-        pBssOverrunCrash(10 + 1);
-        exit(0);
-      case 3:
-        exit(pRodataOverrunCrash(10 + 1));
-      case 4:
-        pDataOverrunCrash(10 + 1);
-        exit(0);
-      case 5:
-        exit((intptr_t)pStackOverrunCrash(10 + 1));
-      case 6:
-        exit((intptr_t)pMemoryLeakCrash());
-      case 7:
-        exit(pNpeCrash(0));
-      case 8:
-        __cxa_finalize(0);
-        exit(pNpeCrash(0));
-      case 9:
-        exit(pStackOverflow(pStackOverflow, 0));
-      default:
-        printf("preventing fork recursion: %s\n", __argv[1]);
-        exit(1);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
 // UNFREED MEMORY
 // o/dbg/test/libc/log/backtrace_test.com
 // max allocated space            655,360
@ -189,9 +105,8 @@ TEST(ShowCrashReports, testMemoryLeakCrash) {
  if (!pid) {
    dup2(fds[1], 1);
    dup2(fds[1], 2);
-    execv(GetProgramExecutableName(),
-          (char *const[]){GetProgramExecutableName(), "6", 0});
-    _exit(127);
+    execv("bin/backtrace.com", (char *const[]){"bin/backtrace.com", "6", 0});
+    _Exit(127);
  }
  close(fds[1]);
  output = 0;
@ -267,9 +182,8 @@ TEST(ShowCrashReports, testStackOverrunCrash) {
  if (!pid) {
    dup2(fds[1], 1);
    dup2(fds[1], 2);
-    execv(GetProgramExecutableName(),
-          (char *const[]){GetProgramExecutableName(), "5", 0});
-    _exit(127);
+    execv("bin/backtrace.com", (char *const[]){"bin/backtrace.com", "5", 0});
+    _Exit(127);
  }
  close(fds[1]);
  output = 0;
@ -376,9 +290,8 @@ TEST(ShowCrashReports, testDivideByZero) {
  if (!pid) {
    dup2(fds[1], 1);
    dup2(fds[1], 2);
-    execv(GetProgramExecutableName(),
-          (char *const[]){GetProgramExecutableName(), "1", 0});
-    _exit(127);
+    execv("bin/backtrace.com", (char *const[]){"bin/backtrace.com", "1", 0});
+    _Exit(127);
  }
  close(fds[1]);
  output = 0;
@ -454,9 +367,8 @@ TEST(ShowCrashReports, testStackOverflow) {
  if (!pid) {
    dup2(fds[1], 1);
    dup2(fds[1], 2);
-    execv(GetProgramExecutableName(),
-          (char *const[]){GetProgramExecutableName(), "9", "--strace", 0});
-    _exit(127);
+    execv("bin/backtrace.com", (char *const[]){"bin/backtrace.com", "9", 0});
+    _Exit(127);
  }
  close(fds[1]);
  output = 0;
@ -571,9 +483,8 @@ TEST(ShowCrashReports, testBssOverrunCrash) {
  if (!pid) {
    dup2(fds[1], 1);
    dup2(fds[1], 2);
-    execv(GetProgramExecutableName(),
-          (char *const[]){GetProgramExecutableName(), "2", 0});
-    _exit(127);
+    execv("bin/backtrace.com", (char *const[]){"bin/backtrace.com", "2", 0});
+    _Exit(127);
  }
  close(fds[1]);
  output = 0;
@ -650,9 +561,8 @@ TEST(ShowCrashReports, testNpeCrash) {
  if (!pid) {
    dup2(fds[1], 1);
    dup2(fds[1], 2);
-    execv(GetProgramExecutableName(),
-          (char *const[]){GetProgramExecutableName(), "7", 0});
-    _exit(127);
+    execv("bin/backtrace.com", (char *const[]){"bin/backtrace.com", "7", 0});
+    _Exit(127);
  }
  close(fds[1]);
  output = 0;
@ -710,9 +620,8 @@ TEST(ShowCrashReports, testDataOverrunCrash) {
  if (!pid) {
    dup2(fds[1], 1);
    dup2(fds[1], 2);
-    execv(GetProgramExecutableName(),
-          (char *const[]){GetProgramExecutableName(), "4", 0});
-    _exit(127);
+    execv("bin/backtrace.com", (char *const[]){"bin/backtrace.com", "4", 0});
+    _Exit(127);
  }
  close(fds[1]);
  output = 0;
@ -765,9 +674,8 @@ TEST(ShowCrashReports, testNpeCrashAfterFinalize) {
  if (!pid) {
    dup2(fds[1], 1);
    dup2(fds[1], 2);
-    execv(GetProgramExecutableName(),
-          (char *const[]){GetProgramExecutableName(), "8", 0});
-    _exit(127);
+    execv("bin/backtrace.com", (char *const[]){"bin/backtrace.com", "8", 0});
+    _Exit(127);
  }
  close(fds[1]);
  output = 0;
--- a/test/libc/log/test.mk
+++ b/test/libc/log/test.mk
@ -6,56 +6,82 @@ PKGS += TEST_LIBC_LOG
 TEST_LIBC_LOG_SRCS := $(wildcard test/libc/log/*.c)
 TEST_LIBC_LOG_SRCS_TEST = $(filter %_test.c,$(TEST_LIBC_LOG_SRCS))

-TEST_LIBC_LOG_OBJS =				\
-	$(TEST_LIBC_LOG_SRCS:%.c=o/$(MODE)/%.o)
+TEST_LIBC_LOG_OBJS =						\
+	$(TEST_LIBC_LOG_SRCS:%.c=o/$(MODE)/%.o)			\
+	o/$(MODE)/test/libc/log/backtrace.com.zip.o		\
+	o/$(MODE)/test/libc/log/backtrace.com.dbg.zip.o

-TEST_LIBC_LOG_COMS =				\
+TEST_LIBC_LOG_COMS =						\
 	$(TEST_LIBC_LOG_SRCS:%.c=o/$(MODE)/%.com)

-TEST_LIBC_LOG_BINS =				\
-	$(TEST_LIBC_LOG_COMS)			\
+TEST_LIBC_LOG_BINS =						\
+	$(TEST_LIBC_LOG_COMS)					\
 	$(TEST_LIBC_LOG_COMS:%=%.dbg)

-TEST_LIBC_LOG_TESTS =				\
+TEST_LIBC_LOG_TESTS =						\
 	$(TEST_LIBC_LOG_SRCS_TEST:%.c=o/$(MODE)/%.com.ok)

-TEST_LIBC_LOG_CHECKS =				\
+TEST_LIBC_LOG_CHECKS =						\
 	$(TEST_LIBC_LOG_SRCS_TEST:%.c=o/$(MODE)/%.com.runs)

-TEST_LIBC_LOG_DIRECTDEPS =			\
-	LIBC_CALLS				\
-	LIBC_RUNTIME				\
-	NET_HTTP				\
-	LIBC_STDIO				\
-	LIBC_X					\
-	LIBC_INTRIN				\
-	LIBC_FMT				\
-	LIBC_MEM				\
-	LIBC_NEXGEN32E				\
-	LIBC_LOG				\
-	LIBC_STR				\
-	LIBC_STUBS				\
-	LIBC_TESTLIB				\
-	LIBC_SYSV				\
-	LIBC_LOG
+TEST_LIBC_LOG_DIRECTDEPS =					\
+	LIBC_CALLS						\
+	LIBC_RUNTIME						\
+	NET_HTTP						\
+	LIBC_STDIO						\
+	LIBC_X							\
+	LIBC_INTRIN						\
+	LIBC_FMT						\
+	LIBC_MEM						\
+	LIBC_NEXGEN32E						\
+	LIBC_LOG						\
+	LIBC_STR						\
+	LIBC_STUBS						\
+	LIBC_TESTLIB						\
+	LIBC_SYSV						\
+	LIBC_LOG						\
+	LIBC_ZIPOS

-TEST_LIBC_LOG_DEPS :=				\
+TEST_LIBC_LOG_DEPS :=						\
 	$(call uniq,$(foreach x,$(TEST_LIBC_LOG_DIRECTDEPS),$($(x))))

-o/$(MODE)/test/libc/log/log.pkg:		\
-		$(TEST_LIBC_LOG_OBJS)		\
+o/$(MODE)/test/libc/log/log.pkg:				\
+		$(TEST_LIBC_LOG_OBJS)				\
 		$(foreach x,$(TEST_LIBC_LOG_DIRECTDEPS),$($(x)_A).pkg)

-o/$(MODE)/test/libc/log/%.com.dbg:		\
-		$(TEST_LIBC_LOG_DEPS)		\
-		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/log/%.o	\
-		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/log/log.pkg	\
-		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)		\
-		$(CRT)				\
-		$(APE)
+o/$(MODE)/test/libc/log/%.com.dbg:				\
+		$(TEST_LIBC_LOG_DEPS)				\
+		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/log/%.o			\
+		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/log/log.pkg			\
+		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)				\
+		$(CRT)						\
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

+o/$(MODE)/test/libc/log/backtrace_test.com.dbg:			\
+		$(TEST_LIBC_LOG_DEPS)				\
+		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/log/backtrace.com.zip.o	\
+		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/log/backtrace.com.dbg.zip.o	\
+		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/log/backtrace_test.o	\
+		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/log/log.pkg			\
+		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)				\
+		$(CRT)						\
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
+	@$(APELINK)
+
+o/$(MODE)/test/libc/log/backtrace.com.dbg:			\
+		$(TEST_LIBC_LOG_DEPS)				\
+		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/log/backtrace.o		\
+		$(CRT)						\
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
+	@$(APELINK)
+
+o/$(MODE)/test/libc/log/backtrace.com.zip.o			\
+o/$(MODE)/test/libc/log/backtrace.com.dbg.zip.o:		\
+		ZIPOBJ_FLAGS +=					\
+			-B
+
 .PHONY: o/$(MODE)/test/libc/log
-o/$(MODE)/test/libc/log:			\
-		$(TEST_LIBC_LOG_BINS)		\
+o/$(MODE)/test/libc/log:					\
+		$(TEST_LIBC_LOG_BINS)				\
 		$(TEST_LIBC_LOG_CHECKS)
--- a/test/libc/mem/test.mk
+++ b/test/libc/mem/test.mk
@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/libc/mem/%.com.dbg:				\
 		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/mem/mem.pkg			\
 		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)				\
 		$(CRT)						\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 $(TEST_LIBC_MEM_OBJS):						\
--- a/test/libc/nexgen32e/test.mk
+++ b/test/libc/nexgen32e/test.mk
@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/libc/nexgen32e/%.com.dbg:			\
 		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/nexgen32e/nexgen32e.pkg	\
 		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)				\
 		$(CRT)						\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 $(TEST_LIBC_NEXGEN32E_OBJS):					\
--- a/test/libc/rand/test.mk
+++ b/test/libc/rand/test.mk
@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/libc/rand/%.com.dbg:			\
 		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/rand/rand.pkg	\
 		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)			\
 		$(CRT)					\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 $(TEST_LIBC_RAND_OBJS): test/libc/rand/test.mk
--- a/test/libc/release/metal.sh
+++ b/test/libc/release/metal.sh
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ if [ "$MODE" = opt ] || [ "$MODE" = optlinux ]; then
  exit
 fi

-mkdir -p o/$MODE/test/libc/release/
+$MKDIR o/$MODE/test/libc/release/

 # smoke test booting on bare metal and printing data to serial uart
 CMD="o/$MODE/tool/build/blinkenlights.com.dbg -r o/$MODE/examples/hello.com"
--- a/test/libc/release/test.mk
+++ b/test/libc/release/test.mk
@ -124,17 +124,17 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/libc/release/smokeansi.com.dbg:			\
 		o/$(MODE)/ape/ape.o				\
 		o/$(MODE)/cosmopolitan.a

-o/$(MODE)/test/libc/release/metal.ok:				\
-		test/libc/release/metal.sh			\
-		o/$(MODE)/examples/hello.com			\
-		o/$(MODE)/tool/build/blinkenlights.com.dbg
-	@$(COMPILE) -ASHTEST -tT$@ $<
-
-o/$(MODE)/test/libc/release/emulate.ok:				\
-		test/libc/release/emulate.sh			\
-		o/$(MODE)/examples/hello.com			\
-		o/$(MODE)/tool/build/blinkenlights.com.dbg
-	@$(COMPILE) -ASHTEST -tT$@ $<
+# TODO(jart): Rewrite these shell scripts as C code.
+# o/$(MODE)/test/libc/release/metal.ok:				\
+# 		test/libc/release/metal.sh			\
+# 		o/$(MODE)/examples/hello.com			\
+# 		o/$(MODE)/tool/build/blinkenlights.com.dbg
+# 	@$(COMPILE) -ASHTEST -tT$@ $<
+# o/$(MODE)/test/libc/release/emulate.ok:				\
+# 		test/libc/release/emulate.sh			\
+# 		o/$(MODE)/examples/hello.com			\
+# 		o/$(MODE)/tool/build/blinkenlights.com.dbg
+# 	@$(COMPILE) -ASHTEST -tT$@ $<

 .PHONY: o/$(MODE)/test/libc/release
 o/$(MODE)/test/libc/release:					\
@ -145,6 +145,4 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/libc/release:					\
 		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/release/smokecxx.com	\
 		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/release/smokecxx.com.runs	\
 		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/release/smokeansi.com	\
-		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/release/smokeansi.com.runs	\
-		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/release/emulate.ok		\
-		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/release/metal.ok
+		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/release/smokeansi.com.runs
--- a/test/libc/runtime/mmap_test.c
+++ b/test/libc/runtime/mmap_test.c
@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "libc/dce.h"
 #include "libc/errno.h"
 #include "libc/fmt/fmt.h"
+#include "libc/intrin/kprintf.h"
 #include "libc/linux/mmap.h"
 #include "libc/linux/munmap.h"
 #include "libc/log/log.h"
@ -228,6 +229,7 @@ TEST(mmap, cow) {
  char *p;
  char path[PATH_MAX];
  sprintf(path, "%s%s.%ld", kTmpPath, program_invocation_short_name, lemur64());
+  kprintf("path = %#s\n", path);
  ASSERT_NE(-1, (fd = open(path, O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_RDWR, 0644)));
  EXPECT_EQ(5, write(fd, "hello", 5));
  EXPECT_NE(-1, fdatasync(fd));
--- a/test/libc/runtime/test.mk
+++ b/test/libc/runtime/test.mk
@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/libc/runtime/%.com.dbg:				\
 		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/runtime/runtime.pkg		\
 		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)				\
 		$(CRT)						\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 o/$(MODE)/test/libc/runtime/ape_test.com.dbg:			\
@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/libc/runtime/ape_test.com.dbg:			\
 		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/runtime/runtime.pkg		\
 		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)				\
 		$(CRT)						\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 $(TEST_LIBC_RUNTIME_OBJS):					\
--- a/test/libc/sock/test.mk
+++ b/test/libc/sock/test.mk
@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/libc/sock/%.com.dbg:				\
 		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/sock/sock.pkg		\
 		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)				\
 		$(CRT)						\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 $(TEST_LIBC_SOCK_OBJS): test/libc/sock/test.mk
--- a/test/libc/stdio/test.mk
+++ b/test/libc/stdio/test.mk
@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/libc/stdio/%.com.dbg:			\
 		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/stdio/stdio.pkg	\
 		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)			\
 		$(CRT)					\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 $(TEST_LIBC_STDIO_OBJS):				\
--- a/test/libc/str/test.mk
+++ b/test/libc/str/test.mk
@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/libc/str/%.com.dbg:					\
 		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/str/str.pkg				\
 		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)					\
 		$(CRT)							\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 o/$(MODE)/test/libc/str/blake2.com.dbg:					\
@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/libc/str/blake2.com.dbg:					\
 		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/str/str.pkg				\
 		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)					\
 		$(CRT)							\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 $(TEST_LIBC_STR_OBJS):							\
--- a/test/libc/thread/test.mk
+++ b/test/libc/thread/test.mk
@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/libc/thread/%.com.dbg:			\
 		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/thread/thread.pkg	\
 		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)			\
 		$(CRT)					\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 $(TEST_LIBC_THREAD_OBJS):				\
--- a/test/libc/time/test.mk
+++ b/test/libc/time/test.mk
@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/libc/time/%.com.dbg:			\
 		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/time/time.pkg	\
 		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)			\
 		$(CRT)					\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 .PHONY: o/$(MODE)/test/libc/time
--- a/test/libc/tinymath/test.mk
+++ b/test/libc/tinymath/test.mk
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/libc/tinymath/%.com.dbg:				\
 		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/tinymath/tinymath.pkg	\
 		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)				\
 		$(CRT)						\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 $(TEST_LIBC_TINYMATH_OBJS):					\
--- a/test/libc/unicode/test.mk
+++ b/test/libc/unicode/test.mk
@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/libc/unicode/%.com.dbg:			\
 		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/unicode/unicode.pkg	\
 		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)			\
 		$(CRT)					\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 .PHONY: o/$(MODE)/test/libc/unicode
--- a/test/libc/x/test.mk
+++ b/test/libc/x/test.mk
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/libc/x/%.com.dbg:		\
 		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/x/x.pkg	\
 		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)		\
 		$(CRT)				\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 .PHONY: o/$(MODE)/test/libc/x
--- a/test/libc/x/xfixpath_test.c
+++ b/test/libc/x/xfixpath_test.c
@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/*-*- mode:c;indent-tabs-mode:nil;c-basic-offset:2;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8 -*-│
+│vi: set net ft=c ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 fenc=utf-8                                :vi│
+╞══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
+│ Copyright 2022 Justine Alexandra Roberts Tunney                              │
+│                                                                              │
+│ Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for         │
+│ any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the         │
+│ above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.      │
+│                                                                              │
+│ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL                │
+│ WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED                │
+│ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE             │
+│ AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL         │
+│ DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR        │
+│ PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER               │
+│ TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR             │
+│ PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.                                                │
+╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
+#include "libc/runtime/runtime.h"
+#include "libc/testlib/testlib.h"
+#include "libc/x/x.h"
+
+TEST(xfixpath, test) {
+  setenv("PATH", "C:\\bin;C:\\usr\\bin;C:\\usr\\local\\bin", true);
+  xfixpath();
+  ASSERT_STREQ("/C/bin:/C/usr/bin:/C/usr/local/bin", getenv("PATH"));
+}
--- a/test/libc/xed/test.mk
+++ b/test/libc/xed/test.mk
@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/libc/xed/%.com.dbg:				\
 		o/$(MODE)/test/libc/xed/xed.pkg			\
 		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)				\
 		$(CRT)						\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 #───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
--- a/test/net/http/test.mk
+++ b/test/net/http/test.mk
@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/net/http/%.com.dbg:				\
 		o/$(MODE)/test/net/http/%.o			\
 		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)				\
 		$(CRT)						\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 .PHONY: o/$(MODE)/test/net/http
--- a/test/net/https/test.mk
+++ b/test/net/https/test.mk
@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/net/https/%.com.dbg:				\
 		o/$(MODE)/test/net/https/%.o			\
 		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)				\
 		$(CRT)						\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 .PHONY: o/$(MODE)/test/net/https
--- a/test/tool/args/test.mk
+++ b/test/tool/args/test.mk
@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/tool/args/%.com.dbg:		\
 		$(TEST_TOOL_ARGS_A).pkg		\
 		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)		\
 		$(CRT)				\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 .PHONY: o/$(MODE)/test/tool/args
--- a/test/tool/build/lib/test.mk
+++ b/test/tool/build/lib/test.mk
@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/tool/build/lib/%.com.dbg:			\
 		$(TEST_TOOL_BUILD_LIB_A).pkg			\
 		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)				\
 		$(CRT)						\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 .PHONY: o/$(MODE)/test/tool/build/lib
--- a/test/tool/net/test.mk
+++ b/test/tool/net/test.mk
@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/tool/net/%.com.dbg:			\
 		$(TEST_TOOL_NET_A).pkg			\
 		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)			\
 		$(CRT)					\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 .PHONY: o/$(MODE)/test/tool/net
--- a/test/tool/plinko/test.mk
+++ b/test/tool/plinko/test.mk
@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/tool/plinko/%.com.dbg:				\
 		$(TEST_TOOL_PLINKO_A).pkg			\
 		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)				\
 		$(CRT)						\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 o/$(MODE)/test/tool/plinko/plinko_test.com.runs:		\
--- a/test/tool/viz/lib/test.mk
+++ b/test/tool/viz/lib/test.mk
@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/test/tool/viz/lib/%.com.dbg:			\
 		o/$(MODE)/test/tool/viz/lib/vizlib.pkg	\
 		$(LIBC_TESTMAIN)			\
 		$(CRT)					\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 .PHONY:		o/$(MODE)/test/tool/viz/lib
--- a/third_party/chibicc/chibicc.c
+++ b/third_party/chibicc/chibicc.c
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ static void chibicc_usage(int status) {
  char *p;
  size_t n;
  p = xslurp("/zip/third_party/chibicc/help.txt", &n);
-  xwrite(1, p, n);
+  __paginate(1, p);
  _Exit(status);
 }

@ -447,7 +447,8 @@ static bool run_subprocess(char **argv) {
    _Exit(1);
  }
  // Wait for the child process to finish.
-  do rc = wait(&ws);
+  do
+    rc = wait(&ws);
  while (rc == -1 && errno == EINTR);
  return WIFEXITED(ws) && WEXITSTATUS(ws) == 0;
 }
--- a/third_party/chibicc/chibicc.mk
+++ b/third_party/chibicc/chibicc.mk
@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ $(THIRD_PARTY_CHIBICC2_A).pkg:						\
 o/$(MODE)/third_party/chibicc/chibicc.com.dbg:				\
 		$(THIRD_PARTY_CHIBICC_A_DEPS)				\
 		$(THIRD_PARTY_CHIBICC_A)				\
-		$(APE)							\
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)					\
 		$(CRT)							\
 		o/$(MODE)/third_party/chibicc/help.txt.zip.o		\
 		o/$(MODE)/third_party/chibicc/chibicc.main.o		\
@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/third_party/chibicc/chibicc.com.dbg:				\
 o/$(MODE)/third_party/chibicc/chibicc2.com.dbg:				\
 		$(THIRD_PARTY_CHIBICC_A_DEPS)				\
 		$(THIRD_PARTY_CHIBICC2_A)				\
-		$(APE)							\
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)					\
 		$(CRT)							\
 		o/$(MODE)/third_party/chibicc/help.txt.zip.o		\
 		o/$(MODE)/third_party/chibicc/chibicc.main.chibicc.o	\
@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/third_party/chibicc/chibicc.com:					\
 o/$(MODE)/third_party/chibicc/as.com.dbg:				\
 		$(THIRD_PARTY_CHIBICC_A_DEPS)				\
 		$(THIRD_PARTY_CHIBICC_A)				\
-		$(APE)							\
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)					\
 		$(CRT)							\
 		o/$(MODE)/third_party/chibicc/as.main.o			\
 		$(THIRD_PARTY_CHIBICC_A).pkg
--- a/third_party/chibicc/help.txt
+++ b/third_party/chibicc/help.txt
@ -259,6 +259,15 @@ BUILTIN FUNCTIONS
  double         __builtin_copysign(double, double)
  float          __builtin_copysignf(float, float)
  long double    __builtin_copysignl(long double, long double)
+  void           __builtin_ia32_movntq(di *, di)
+  int            __builtin_ia32_pmovmskb128(v16qi)
+  T              __atomic_load(T *addr, int memorder)
+  void           __atomic_clear(_Bool *addr, int memorder)
+  _Bool          __atomic_test_and_set(void *addr, int memorder)
+  T              __atomic_sub_fetch(T *addr, T amt, int memorder)
+  T              __atomic_fetch_add(T *addr, T amt, int memorder)
+  T              __sync_lock_test_and_set(T *addr, T value, ...)
+  void           __sync_lock_release(T *addr, ...)


 BUILTIN OBJECTS
--- a/third_party/chibicc/test/test.mk
+++ b/third_party/chibicc/test/test.mk
@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/third_party/chibicc/test/%.com.dbg:					\
 		o/$(MODE)/third_party/chibicc/test/%.chibicc.o			\
 		$(THIRD_PARTY_CHIBICC_TEST_A).pkg				\
 		$(CRT)								\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 o/$(MODE)/third_party/chibicc/test/%2.com.dbg:					\
@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ o/$(MODE)/third_party/chibicc/test/%2.com.dbg:					\
 		o/$(MODE)/third_party/chibicc/test/%.chibicc2.o			\
 		$(THIRD_PARTY_CHIBICC_TEST2_A).pkg				\
 		$(CRT)								\
-		$(APE)
+		$(APE_NO_MODIFY_SELF)
 	@$(APELINK)

 .PRECIOUS: $(THIRD_PARTY_CHIBICC_TEST_OBJS)
--- a/Show more
+++ b/Show more