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Jonathan Pallant (Ferrous Systems) 3ae002e00b
WIP started on Board Support Crate docs 2023-03-23 09:20:16 +00:00
Jonathan Pallant (Ferrous Systems) b6aaf36f30
Renamed a file and removed a topic 2023-03-23 09:20:02 +00:00
4 changed files with 138 additions and 100 deletions

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- [The Peripheral Access Crate](./the_pac.md)
- [The Hardware Abstraction Layer](./the_hal.md)
- [Building Common Abstractions](./building_common_abstractions.md)
- [Creating Portable Drivers](./creating_portable_drivers.md)
- [Supporting your particular board](./supporting_your_particular_board.md)
- [Writing an Application](./writing_an_application.md)

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# Building Common Abstractions
---
## These things are different
* STM32F030 UART Driver
* nRF52840 UART Driver
* But I want to write a library which is generic!
* e.g. an AT Command Parser
---
## How does Rust allow generic behaviour?
* Generics!
* `where T: SomeTrait`
---
## Traits
```rust
trait GenericSerial {
type Error;
fn read(&mut self, buffer: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, Error>;
fn write(&mut self, buffer: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, Error>;
}
```
---
## My Library...
```rust
struct AtCommandParser<T> {
uart: T,
...
}
impl<T> AtCommandParser<T> where T: GenericSerial {
fn new(uart: T) -> AtCommandParser<T> { ... }
fn get_command(&mut self) -> Result<Option<AtCommand>, Error> { ... }
}
```
Note how `AtCommandParser` *owns* the object which meets the `GenericSerial` trait.
---
## My Application
```rust
let uart = stm32_hal::Uart::new(...);
let at_parser = at_library::AtCommandParser::new(uart);
while let Some(cmd) = at_parser.get_command().unwrap() {
...
}
```
---
## My Application (2)
```rust
let uart = nrf52_hal::Uart::new(...);
let at_parser = at_library::AtCommandParser::new(uart);
while let Some(cmd) = at_parser.get_command().unwrap() {
...
}
```
---
## How do we agree on the traits?
* The Rust Embedded Working Group has developed some traits
* They are called the *Embedded HAL*
* See https://docs.rs/embedded-hal/
* All HAL implementations should implement these traits
---
## Blocking vs Non-blocking
* Should a trait API stall your CPU until the data is ready?
* Or should it return early, saying "not yet ready"
* So you can go an do something else in the mean time?
* Or sleep?
* `embedded_hal::blocking::serial::Write`, vs
* `embedded_hal::serial::Write`
---
## Trade-offs
* Some MCUs have more features than others
* The trait design has an inherent trade-off
* Flexibility/Performance vs Portability

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# Creating Portable Drivers
---
## These things are different
* STM32F030 UART Driver
* nRF52840 UART Driver
* But I want to write a library which is generic!
* e.g. an AT Command Parser
---
## How does Rust allow generic behaviour?
* Generics!
* `where T: SomeTrait`
---
## Traits
```rust
trait GenericSerial {
type Error;
fn read(&mut self, buffer: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, Error>;
fn write(&mut self, buffer: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, Error>;
}
```
---
## My Library...
```rust
struct AtCommandParser<T> {
uart: T,
...
}
impl<T> AtCommandParser<T> where T: GenericSerial {
fn new(uart: T) -> AtCommandParser<T> { ... }
fn get_command(&mut self) -> Result<Option<AtCommand>, Error> { ... }
}
```
Note how `AtCommandParser` *owns* the object which meets the `GenericSerial` trait.
---
## My Application
```rust
let uart = stm32_hal::Uart::new(...);
let at_parser = at_library::AtCommandParser::new(uart);
while let Some(cmd) = at_parser.get_command().unwrap() {
...
}
```
---
## My Application (2)
```rust
let uart = nrf52_hal::Uart::new(...);
let at_parser = at_library::AtCommandParser::new(uart);
while let Some(cmd) = at_parser.get_command().unwrap() {
...
}
```
---
## How do we agree on the traits?
* The Rust Embedded Working Group has developed some traits
* They are called the *Embedded HAL*
* See https://docs.rs/embedded-hal/
* All HAL implementations should implement these traits
---
## Blocking vs Non-blocking
* Should a trait API stall your CPU until the data is ready?
* Or should it return early, saying "not yet ready"
* So you can go an do something else in the mean time?
* Or sleep?
* `embedded_hal::blocking::serial::Write`, vs
* `embedded_hal::serial::Write`
---
## Trade-offs
* Some MCUs have more features than others
* The trait design has an inherent trade-off
* Flexibility/Performance vs Portability

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# Supporting your particular board
---
## Using a 'normal' PC
* Did you tell your PC it had a mouse plugged in?
* Did you tell it what I/O address the video card was located at?
* No! It auto-discovers all of these things.
* USB, PCI-Express, SATA all have "plug-and-play"
---
## Using an Embedded System
* There is no plug-and-play
* Your MCU can put different functions (UART, SPI, etc) on different pins
* The choice of which function goes on which pin was decided by the PCB designer
* You now have to tell the software how the PCB was laid out
* i.e UART0 TX is on Port 0, Pin 13
---
## Board Support Crates
* You can wrap this up into a Board Support Crate
* Especially useful if you are using a widely available dev-kit
* e.g. the nRF52840-DK, or the STM32 Discovery
* Still useful if the board design is an in-house one-off
* Create the drivers and does the pin assignments for you
* Helps make your application portable across different boards
---
## Using a Board Support Crate
```rust
```
---