cosmopolitan/libc/tinymath/j0.c
Justine Tunney 957c61cbbf
Release Cosmopolitan v3.3
This change upgrades to GCC 12.3 and GNU binutils 2.42. The GNU linker
appears to have changed things so that only a single de-duplicated str
table is present in the binary, and it gets placed wherever the linker
wants, regardless of what the linker script says. To cope with that we
need to stop using .ident to embed licenses. As such, this change does
significant work to revamp how third party licenses are defined in the
codebase, using `.section .notice,"aR",@progbits`.

This new GCC 12.3 toolchain has support for GNU indirect functions. It
lets us support __target_clones__ for the first time. This is used for
optimizing the performance of libc string functions such as strlen and
friends so far on x86, by ensuring AVX systems favor a second codepath
that uses VEX encoding. It shaves some latency off certain operations.
It's a useful feature to have for scientific computing for the reasons
explained by the test/libcxx/openmp_test.cc example which compiles for
fifteen different microarchitectures. Thanks to the upgrades, it's now
also possible to use newer instruction sets, such as AVX512FP16, VNNI.

Cosmo now uses the %gs register on x86 by default for TLS. Doing it is
helpful for any program that links `cosmo_dlopen()`. Such programs had
to recompile their binaries at startup to change the TLS instructions.
That's not great, since it means every page in the executable needs to
be faulted. The work of rewriting TLS-related x86 opcodes, is moved to
fixupobj.com instead. This is great news for MacOS x86 users, since we
previously needed to morph the binary every time for that platform but
now that's no longer necessary. The only platforms where we need fixup
of TLS x86 opcodes at runtime are now Windows, OpenBSD, and NetBSD. On
Windows we morph TLS to point deeper into the TIB, based on a TlsAlloc
assignment, and on OpenBSD/NetBSD we morph %gs back into %fs since the
kernels do not allow us to specify a value for the %gs register.

OpenBSD users are now required to use APE Loader to run Cosmo binaries
and assimilation is no longer possible. OpenBSD kernel needs to change
to allow programs to specify a value for the %gs register, or it needs
to stop marking executable pages loaded by the kernel as mimmutable().

This release fixes __constructor__, .ctor, .init_array, and lastly the
.preinit_array so they behave the exact same way as glibc.

We no longer use hex constants to define math.h symbols like M_PI.
2024-02-20 13:27:59 -08:00

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/*-*- mode:c;indent-tabs-mode:t;c-basic-offset:8;tab-width:8;coding:utf-8 -*-│
│ vi: set noet ft=c ts=8 sw=8 fenc=utf-8 :vi │
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│ │
│ Musl Libc │
│ Copyright © 2005-2014 Rich Felker, et al. │
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│ The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be │
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│ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, │
│ EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF │
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╚─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/
#include "libc/math.h"
#include "libc/tinymath/complex.internal.h"
__static_yoink("freebsd_libm_notice");
__static_yoink("fdlibm_notice");
/* origin: FreeBSD /usr/src/lib/msun/src/e_j0.c */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* j0(x), y0(x)
* Bessel function of the first and second kinds of order zero.
* Method -- j0(x):
* 1. For tiny x, we use j0(x) = 1 - x^2/4 + x^4/64 - ...
* 2. Reduce x to |x| since j0(x)=j0(-x), and
* for x in (0,2)
* j0(x) = 1-z/4+ z^2*R0/S0, where z = x*x;
* (precision: |j0-1+z/4-z^2R0/S0 |<2**-63.67 )
* for x in (2,inf)
* j0(x) = sqrt(2/(pi*x))*(p0(x)*cos(x0)-q0(x)*sin(x0))
* where x0 = x-pi/4. It is better to compute sin(x0),cos(x0)
* as follow:
* cos(x0) = cos(x)cos(pi/4)+sin(x)sin(pi/4)
* = 1/sqrt(2) * (cos(x) + sin(x))
* sin(x0) = sin(x)cos(pi/4)-cos(x)sin(pi/4)
* = 1/sqrt(2) * (sin(x) - cos(x))
* (To avoid cancellation, use
* sin(x) +- cos(x) = -cos(2x)/(sin(x) -+ cos(x))
* to compute the worse one.)
*
* 3 Special cases
* j0(nan)= nan
* j0(0) = 1
* j0(inf) = 0
*
* Method -- y0(x):
* 1. For x<2.
* Since
* y0(x) = 2/pi*(j0(x)*(ln(x/2)+Euler) + x^2/4 - ...)
* therefore y0(x)-2/pi*j0(x)*ln(x) is an even function.
* We use the following function to approximate y0,
* y0(x) = U(z)/V(z) + (2/pi)*(j0(x)*ln(x)), z= x^2
* where
* U(z) = u00 + u01*z + ... + u06*z^6
* V(z) = 1 + v01*z + ... + v04*z^4
* with absolute approximation error bounded by 2**-72.
* Note: For tiny x, U/V = u0 and j0(x)~1, hence
* y0(tiny) = u0 + (2/pi)*ln(tiny), (choose tiny<2**-27)
* 2. For x>=2.
* y0(x) = sqrt(2/(pi*x))*(p0(x)*cos(x0)+q0(x)*sin(x0))
* where x0 = x-pi/4. It is better to compute sin(x0),cos(x0)
* by the method mentioned above.
* 3. Special cases: y0(0)=-inf, y0(x<0)=NaN, y0(inf)=0.
*/
static double pzero(double), qzero(double);
static const double
invsqrtpi = 5.64189583547756279280e-01, /* 0x3FE20DD7, 0x50429B6D */
tpi = 6.36619772367581382433e-01; /* 0x3FE45F30, 0x6DC9C883 */
/* common method when |x|>=2 */
static double common(uint32_t ix, double x, int y0)
{
double s,c,ss,cc,z;
/*
* j0(x) = sqrt(2/(pi*x))*(p0(x)*cos(x-pi/4)-q0(x)*sin(x-pi/4))
* y0(x) = sqrt(2/(pi*x))*(p0(x)*sin(x-pi/4)+q0(x)*cos(x-pi/4))
*
* sin(x-pi/4) = (sin(x) - cos(x))/sqrt(2)
* cos(x-pi/4) = (sin(x) + cos(x))/sqrt(2)
* sin(x) +- cos(x) = -cos(2x)/(sin(x) -+ cos(x))
*/
s = sin(x);
c = cos(x);
if (y0)
c = -c;
cc = s+c;
/* avoid overflow in 2*x, big ulp error when x>=0x1p1023 */
if (ix < 0x7fe00000) {
ss = s-c;
z = -cos(2*x);
if (s*c < 0)
cc = z/ss;
else
ss = z/cc;
if (ix < 0x48000000) {
if (y0)
ss = -ss;
cc = pzero(x)*cc-qzero(x)*ss;
}
}
return invsqrtpi*cc/sqrt(x);
}
/* R0/S0 on [0, 2.00] */
static const double
R02 = 1.56249999999999947958e-02, /* 0x3F8FFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFD */
R03 = -1.89979294238854721751e-04, /* 0xBF28E6A5, 0xB61AC6E9 */
R04 = 1.82954049532700665670e-06, /* 0x3EBEB1D1, 0x0C503919 */
R05 = -4.61832688532103189199e-09, /* 0xBE33D5E7, 0x73D63FCE */
S01 = 1.56191029464890010492e-02, /* 0x3F8FFCE8, 0x82C8C2A4 */
S02 = 1.16926784663337450260e-04, /* 0x3F1EA6D2, 0xDD57DBF4 */
S03 = 5.13546550207318111446e-07, /* 0x3EA13B54, 0xCE84D5A9 */
S04 = 1.16614003333790000205e-09; /* 0x3E1408BC, 0xF4745D8F */
/**
* Returns Bessel function of 𝑥 of first kind of order 0.
*/
double j0(double x)
{
double z,r,s;
uint32_t ix;
GET_HIGH_WORD(ix, x);
ix &= 0x7fffffff;
/* j0(+-inf)=0, j0(nan)=nan */
if (ix >= 0x7ff00000)
return 1/(x*x);
x = fabs(x);
if (ix >= 0x40000000) { /* |x| >= 2 */
/* large ulp error near zeros: 2.4, 5.52, 8.6537,.. */
return common(ix,x,0);
}
/* 1 - x*x/4 + x*x*R(x^2)/S(x^2) */
if (ix >= 0x3f200000) { /* |x| >= 2**-13 */
/* up to 4ulp error close to 2 */
z = x*x;
r = z*(R02+z*(R03+z*(R04+z*R05)));
s = 1+z*(S01+z*(S02+z*(S03+z*S04)));
return (1+x/2)*(1-x/2) + z*(r/s);
}
/* 1 - x*x/4 */
/* prevent underflow */
/* inexact should be raised when x!=0, this is not done correctly */
if (ix >= 0x38000000) /* |x| >= 2**-127 */
x = 0.25*x*x;
return 1 - x;
}
static const double
u00 = -7.38042951086872317523e-02, /* 0xBFB2E4D6, 0x99CBD01F */
u01 = 1.76666452509181115538e-01, /* 0x3FC69D01, 0x9DE9E3FC */
u02 = -1.38185671945596898896e-02, /* 0xBF8C4CE8, 0xB16CFA97 */
u03 = 3.47453432093683650238e-04, /* 0x3F36C54D, 0x20B29B6B */
u04 = -3.81407053724364161125e-06, /* 0xBECFFEA7, 0x73D25CAD */
u05 = 1.95590137035022920206e-08, /* 0x3E550057, 0x3B4EABD4 */
u06 = -3.98205194132103398453e-11, /* 0xBDC5E43D, 0x693FB3C8 */
v01 = 1.27304834834123699328e-02, /* 0x3F8A1270, 0x91C9C71A */
v02 = 7.60068627350353253702e-05, /* 0x3F13ECBB, 0xF578C6C1 */
v03 = 2.59150851840457805467e-07, /* 0x3E91642D, 0x7FF202FD */
v04 = 4.41110311332675467403e-10; /* 0x3DFE5018, 0x3BD6D9EF */
/**
* Returns Bessel function of 𝑥 of second kind of order 0.
*/
double y0(double x)
{
double z,u,v;
uint32_t ix,lx;
EXTRACT_WORDS(ix, lx, x);
/* y0(nan)=nan, y0(<0)=nan, y0(0)=-inf, y0(inf)=0 */
if ((ix<<1 | lx) == 0)
return -1/0.0;
if (ix>>31)
return 0/0.0;
if (ix >= 0x7ff00000)
return 1/x;
if (ix >= 0x40000000) { /* x >= 2 */
/* large ulp errors near zeros: 3.958, 7.086,.. */
return common(ix,x,1);
}
/* U(x^2)/V(x^2) + (2/pi)*j0(x)*log(x) */
if (ix >= 0x3e400000) { /* x >= 2**-27 */
/* large ulp error near the first zero, x ~= 0.89 */
z = x*x;
u = u00+z*(u01+z*(u02+z*(u03+z*(u04+z*(u05+z*u06)))));
v = 1.0+z*(v01+z*(v02+z*(v03+z*v04)));
return u/v + tpi*(j0(x)*log(x));
}
return u00 + tpi*log(x);
}
/* The asymptotic expansions of pzero is
* 1 - 9/128 s^2 + 11025/98304 s^4 - ..., where s = 1/x.
* For x >= 2, We approximate pzero by
* pzero(x) = 1 + (R/S)
* where R = pR0 + pR1*s^2 + pR2*s^4 + ... + pR5*s^10
* S = 1 + pS0*s^2 + ... + pS4*s^10
* and
* | pzero(x)-1-R/S | <= 2 ** ( -60.26)
*/
static const double pR8[6] = { /* for x in [inf, 8]=1/[0,0.125] */
0.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x00000000, 0x00000000 */
-7.03124999999900357484e-02, /* 0xBFB1FFFF, 0xFFFFFD32 */
-8.08167041275349795626e+00, /* 0xC02029D0, 0xB44FA779 */
-2.57063105679704847262e+02, /* 0xC0701102, 0x7B19E863 */
-2.48521641009428822144e+03, /* 0xC0A36A6E, 0xCD4DCAFC */
-5.25304380490729545272e+03, /* 0xC0B4850B, 0x36CC643D */
};
static const double pS8[5] = {
1.16534364619668181717e+02, /* 0x405D2233, 0x07A96751 */
3.83374475364121826715e+03, /* 0x40ADF37D, 0x50596938 */
4.05978572648472545552e+04, /* 0x40E3D2BB, 0x6EB6B05F */
1.16752972564375915681e+05, /* 0x40FC810F, 0x8F9FA9BD */
4.76277284146730962675e+04, /* 0x40E74177, 0x4F2C49DC */
};
static const double pR5[6] = { /* for x in [8,4.5454]=1/[0.125,0.22001] */
-1.14125464691894502584e-11, /* 0xBDA918B1, 0x47E495CC */
-7.03124940873599280078e-02, /* 0xBFB1FFFF, 0xE69AFBC6 */
-4.15961064470587782438e+00, /* 0xC010A370, 0xF90C6BBF */
-6.76747652265167261021e+01, /* 0xC050EB2F, 0x5A7D1783 */
-3.31231299649172967747e+02, /* 0xC074B3B3, 0x6742CC63 */
-3.46433388365604912451e+02, /* 0xC075A6EF, 0x28A38BD7 */
};
static const double pS5[5] = {
6.07539382692300335975e+01, /* 0x404E6081, 0x0C98C5DE */
1.05125230595704579173e+03, /* 0x40906D02, 0x5C7E2864 */
5.97897094333855784498e+03, /* 0x40B75AF8, 0x8FBE1D60 */
9.62544514357774460223e+03, /* 0x40C2CCB8, 0xFA76FA38 */
2.40605815922939109441e+03, /* 0x40A2CC1D, 0xC70BE864 */
};
static const double pR3[6] = {/* for x in [4.547,2.8571]=1/[0.2199,0.35001] */
-2.54704601771951915620e-09, /* 0xBE25E103, 0x6FE1AA86 */
-7.03119616381481654654e-02, /* 0xBFB1FFF6, 0xF7C0E24B */
-2.40903221549529611423e+00, /* 0xC00345B2, 0xAEA48074 */
-2.19659774734883086467e+01, /* 0xC035F74A, 0x4CB94E14 */
-5.80791704701737572236e+01, /* 0xC04D0A22, 0x420A1A45 */
-3.14479470594888503854e+01, /* 0xC03F72AC, 0xA892D80F */
};
static const double pS3[5] = {
3.58560338055209726349e+01, /* 0x4041ED92, 0x84077DD3 */
3.61513983050303863820e+02, /* 0x40769839, 0x464A7C0E */
1.19360783792111533330e+03, /* 0x4092A66E, 0x6D1061D6 */
1.12799679856907414432e+03, /* 0x40919FFC, 0xB8C39B7E */
1.73580930813335754692e+02, /* 0x4065B296, 0xFC379081 */
};
static const double pR2[6] = {/* for x in [2.8570,2]=1/[0.3499,0.5] */
-8.87534333032526411254e-08, /* 0xBE77D316, 0xE927026D */
-7.03030995483624743247e-02, /* 0xBFB1FF62, 0x495E1E42 */
-1.45073846780952986357e+00, /* 0xBFF73639, 0x8A24A843 */
-7.63569613823527770791e+00, /* 0xC01E8AF3, 0xEDAFA7F3 */
-1.11931668860356747786e+01, /* 0xC02662E6, 0xC5246303 */
-3.23364579351335335033e+00, /* 0xC009DE81, 0xAF8FE70F */
};
static const double pS2[5] = {
2.22202997532088808441e+01, /* 0x40363865, 0x908B5959 */
1.36206794218215208048e+02, /* 0x4061069E, 0x0EE8878F */
2.70470278658083486789e+02, /* 0x4070E786, 0x42EA079B */
1.53875394208320329881e+02, /* 0x40633C03, 0x3AB6FAFF */
1.46576176948256193810e+01, /* 0x402D50B3, 0x44391809 */
};
static double pzero(double x)
{
const double *p,*q;
double_t z,r,s;
uint32_t ix;
GET_HIGH_WORD(ix, x);
ix &= 0x7fffffff;
if (ix >= 0x40200000){p = pR8; q = pS8;}
else if (ix >= 0x40122E8B){p = pR5; q = pS5;}
else if (ix >= 0x4006DB6D){p = pR3; q = pS3;}
else /*ix >= 0x40000000*/ {p = pR2; q = pS2;}
z = 1.0/(x*x);
r = p[0]+z*(p[1]+z*(p[2]+z*(p[3]+z*(p[4]+z*p[5]))));
s = 1.0+z*(q[0]+z*(q[1]+z*(q[2]+z*(q[3]+z*q[4]))));
return 1.0 + r/s;
}
/* For x >= 8, the asymptotic expansions of qzero is
* -1/8 s + 75/1024 s^3 - ..., where s = 1/x.
* We approximate pzero by
* qzero(x) = s*(-1.25 + (R/S))
* where R = qR0 + qR1*s^2 + qR2*s^4 + ... + qR5*s^10
* S = 1 + qS0*s^2 + ... + qS5*s^12
* and
* | qzero(x)/s +1.25-R/S | <= 2 ** ( -61.22)
*/
static const double qR8[6] = { /* for x in [inf, 8]=1/[0,0.125] */
0.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x00000000, 0x00000000 */
7.32421874999935051953e-02, /* 0x3FB2BFFF, 0xFFFFFE2C */
1.17682064682252693899e+01, /* 0x40278952, 0x5BB334D6 */
5.57673380256401856059e+02, /* 0x40816D63, 0x15301825 */
8.85919720756468632317e+03, /* 0x40C14D99, 0x3E18F46D */
3.70146267776887834771e+04, /* 0x40E212D4, 0x0E901566 */
};
static const double qS8[6] = {
1.63776026895689824414e+02, /* 0x406478D5, 0x365B39BC */
8.09834494656449805916e+03, /* 0x40BFA258, 0x4E6B0563 */
1.42538291419120476348e+05, /* 0x41016652, 0x54D38C3F */
8.03309257119514397345e+05, /* 0x412883DA, 0x83A52B43 */
8.40501579819060512818e+05, /* 0x4129A66B, 0x28DE0B3D */
-3.43899293537866615225e+05, /* 0xC114FD6D, 0x2C9530C5 */
};
static const double qR5[6] = { /* for x in [8,4.5454]=1/[0.125,0.22001] */
1.84085963594515531381e-11, /* 0x3DB43D8F, 0x29CC8CD9 */
7.32421766612684765896e-02, /* 0x3FB2BFFF, 0xD172B04C */
5.83563508962056953777e+00, /* 0x401757B0, 0xB9953DD3 */
1.35111577286449829671e+02, /* 0x4060E392, 0x0A8788E9 */
1.02724376596164097464e+03, /* 0x40900CF9, 0x9DC8C481 */
1.98997785864605384631e+03, /* 0x409F17E9, 0x53C6E3A6 */
};
static const double qS5[6] = {
8.27766102236537761883e+01, /* 0x4054B1B3, 0xFB5E1543 */
2.07781416421392987104e+03, /* 0x40A03BA0, 0xDA21C0CE */
1.88472887785718085070e+04, /* 0x40D267D2, 0x7B591E6D */
5.67511122894947329769e+04, /* 0x40EBB5E3, 0x97E02372 */
3.59767538425114471465e+04, /* 0x40E19118, 0x1F7A54A0 */
-5.35434275601944773371e+03, /* 0xC0B4EA57, 0xBEDBC609 */
};
static const double qR3[6] = {/* for x in [4.547,2.8571]=1/[0.2199,0.35001] */
4.37741014089738620906e-09, /* 0x3E32CD03, 0x6ADECB82 */
7.32411180042911447163e-02, /* 0x3FB2BFEE, 0x0E8D0842 */
3.34423137516170720929e+00, /* 0x400AC0FC, 0x61149CF5 */
4.26218440745412650017e+01, /* 0x40454F98, 0x962DAEDD */
1.70808091340565596283e+02, /* 0x406559DB, 0xE25EFD1F */
1.66733948696651168575e+02, /* 0x4064D77C, 0x81FA21E0 */
};
static const double qS3[6] = {
4.87588729724587182091e+01, /* 0x40486122, 0xBFE343A6 */
7.09689221056606015736e+02, /* 0x40862D83, 0x86544EB3 */
3.70414822620111362994e+03, /* 0x40ACF04B, 0xE44DFC63 */
6.46042516752568917582e+03, /* 0x40B93C6C, 0xD7C76A28 */
2.51633368920368957333e+03, /* 0x40A3A8AA, 0xD94FB1C0 */
-1.49247451836156386662e+02, /* 0xC062A7EB, 0x201CF40F */
};
static const double qR2[6] = {/* for x in [2.8570,2]=1/[0.3499,0.5] */
1.50444444886983272379e-07, /* 0x3E84313B, 0x54F76BDB */
7.32234265963079278272e-02, /* 0x3FB2BEC5, 0x3E883E34 */
1.99819174093815998816e+00, /* 0x3FFFF897, 0xE727779C */
1.44956029347885735348e+01, /* 0x402CFDBF, 0xAAF96FE5 */
3.16662317504781540833e+01, /* 0x403FAA8E, 0x29FBDC4A */
1.62527075710929267416e+01, /* 0x403040B1, 0x71814BB4 */
};
static const double qS2[6] = {
3.03655848355219184498e+01, /* 0x403E5D96, 0xF7C07AED */
2.69348118608049844624e+02, /* 0x4070D591, 0xE4D14B40 */
8.44783757595320139444e+02, /* 0x408A6645, 0x22B3BF22 */
8.82935845112488550512e+02, /* 0x408B977C, 0x9C5CC214 */
2.12666388511798828631e+02, /* 0x406A9553, 0x0E001365 */
-5.31095493882666946917e+00, /* 0xC0153E6A, 0xF8B32931 */
};
static double qzero(double x)
{
const double *p,*q;
double_t s,r,z;
uint32_t ix;
GET_HIGH_WORD(ix, x);
ix &= 0x7fffffff;
if (ix >= 0x40200000){p = qR8; q = qS8;}
else if (ix >= 0x40122E8B){p = qR5; q = qS5;}
else if (ix >= 0x4006DB6D){p = qR3; q = qS3;}
else /*ix >= 0x40000000*/ {p = qR2; q = qS2;}
z = 1.0/(x*x);
r = p[0]+z*(p[1]+z*(p[2]+z*(p[3]+z*(p[4]+z*p[5]))));
s = 1.0+z*(q[0]+z*(q[1]+z*(q[2]+z*(q[3]+z*(q[4]+z*q[5])))));
return (-.125 + r/s)/x;
}